Neurodegenerative Diseases Flashcards
What are Neuro degenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases are all forms of nervous tissue damage that results in gradual, progressive loss of structure and function of neurons
In children CNS Neuro degenerative diseases manifests as
Delay or plateau of developmental milestones
What is dementia
Umbrella term for loss of memory and other thinking abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life
Concepts of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer Disease
Metabolism of precursor proteins
Formation of neurofibrillary tangles
Excitotoxicity of glutamatergic receptors
General increase in misfolded proteins as one ages
The physiological pathway in the metab of Amyloid precursor proteins involves the enzyme
alpha-secretase
B-secretase is now known as
Beta site APP cleaving enzyme( b-ACE)
What forms neurofibrillary tangles
Changes in TAU resulting in collapse of microtubules
TAU proteins clumped together
Effects of b-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles are neurotoxic especially to
Cholinergic Neurons
Therapies of Alzheimer Disease is aimed at
Improving cholinergic transmission within CNS
Prevention of excitotoxicity of NMDA receptors
Classification of drugs used in treatment of Alzheimer disease
Acetyl Cholinesterase inhibitors
NMDA receptor antagonists
B-secretase and a-secretase activators
B-amyloid aggregation inhibitors
Modulators
Acetylcholinesterase is best used in what degree of Alzheimer disease
Mild to moderate
What is the classification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used to treat Alzheimer disease and the drug types
Reversible inhibitors eg Tacrine, donepezil
Carbamyolating Inhibitors eg Rivastigmine
Organophosphorus Compounds
Galantamine
What is an example of of NMDA receptor antagonist
Dimeboline
Mimantine
What is the mechanism of action of Statins
Inhibit beta-secretase and activate alpha-secretase
Antimuscarinic drugs indicated in Parkinsonism
Benztropine
Trihexyphenidyl
Bipyride
Procyclidine
