Skin 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four accessory structures of the skin?

A

Hair, sweat glands, nails, receptors

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2
Q

Hair is found all over the body except in?

A

Palms, soles and lips

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3
Q

What is hair made of?

A

dead keratinised cells

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4
Q

Where is hair/the hair shaft produced in?

A

Hair follicle

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5
Q

What is hair consisted of?

A

Arrector pili muscle, sebaceous glands, root hair plexus

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6
Q

This produces contractions that result in goose bumps and improves insulation of the body

A

Arrector pili muscle

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7
Q

This is a collection of sensory nerves at the base of each hair follicle that causes heightened sensation

A

Root hair plexus

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8
Q

This produces oily secretion known as sebum. Nourishes hair shaft, moisturises skin and acts as a water repellent.

A

Sebaceous glands

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9
Q

What leads to acne?

A

Blocked hair follicles and increased sebum production and infection

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10
Q

This is sheep sebum and may be purified for commercial use in skin care products

A

Lanolin

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11
Q

What are the 2 sweat glands?

A

Eccrine and apocrine

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12
Q

What is the fundamental difference between eccrine and apocrine?

A

Eccrine is closer to the surface of the skin and secretes water secretions directly on skin

Apocrine is deeper to the surface of the skin and secretes oily, sticky and odorous secretions through the hair follicle onto the skin

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13
Q

This sweat glands may be influenced by hormones.

A

Apocrine

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14
Q

This sweat gland is important in thermoregulation and excretion, and has some antibacterial action.

A

Eccrine

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15
Q

These protect the finger tips and toes. As well as prevent the temporary deformation of skin when activating receptors

A

Nails

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16
Q

What are some of the effects caused by skin aging?

A

Thin dermis & epidermis, slower skin repair, drier epidermis, impaired cooling and less pigmentation

17
Q

What is drier epidermis a result of?

A

Less sebum produced by sebaceous glands

18
Q

What is impaired cooling a result of?

A

Less sweat

19
Q

What does tobacco do to the skin?

A

Damages blood supply of dermis and damage collagen and elastin in skin

20
Q

Nicotine reduces:

A

blood circulation

21
Q

This is a result of vaping and is the inflammation of the skin due to metal coating on e-cigarettes

A

Contact dermatitis

22
Q

This pigment is produced by the skin and protects cells from UV light

A

Melanin

23
Q

Where is melanin produced?

A

In the melanocytes

24
Q

These are vesicles containing melanin. Responsible for transporting melanin throughout different areas of epidermis

A

Melanosomes

25
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Stratum basale

26
Q

What is the fundamental difference between melanocytes and melanosome?

A

Melanocytes are not shed & found in stratum basale
Melanosomes are shed & found throughout the epidermis

27
Q

This is a cluster of melanocytes in one area to the point where it appears on the surface of the skin

A

Mole

28
Q

This is a result of the overproduction of melanosomes by melanocytes

A

Freckles

29
Q

This is essential for normal calcium metabolism and strong bones

A

Vitamin D

30
Q

Vitamin D deficiency can cause the bending of the bones/limbs - which is known as:

A

rickets

31
Q

This is a cancer that originates in the stratum basale and affects the stem cells. Metastasis is rare and the symptoms are relatively benign

A

Basal cell carcinoma

32
Q

This is a cancer that originates in melanocytes. It is deadly if not treated, highly metastatic and the mortality rate is dependent upon tumour

A

Malignant melanoma