Cardio - Anatomy of Capillaries

Question 1

This is the site of exchange between blood and tissues.

Answer 1

Capillaries

Question 2

Good exchange between blood and interstitial fluid requires what type of flow in the capillaries?

Answer 2

Smooth and steady force

Question 3

Why is the cross sectional area of the capillary bed much larger in comparison to the arterioles?

Answer 3

Because this ensures that the blood in capillaries has a smooth and steady flow

Question 4

What lines the capillary wall?

Answer 4

Endothelium

Question 5

What is the most dominant type of intercellular junction in the capillaries?

Answer 5

Tight junction

Question 6

What is the significance of tight intercellular junctions in the capillary?

Answer 6

Because these intercellular junctions determine how much substance/blood can go through the capillary

Question 7

Why is the cytoplasm of capillaries very thin?

Answer 7

To accomodate RBCs

Question 8

There are composed of smooth muscle cells that control how much blood goes into the capillaries. They specifically constrict and stop blood from going into some branches of the capillary network.

Answer 8

Precapillary sphincters

Question 9

These are responsible for the deliberate, specific movement of blood through the capillaries. An example of this function would be vasodilation/constriction

Answer 9

Vascular shunts

Question 10

These change the capillary depending on the type of exchange occurring.

Answer 10

Vascular shunts

Question 11

What are the two parts of the vascular shunt?

Answer 11

Metarteriole and thoroughfare channel

Question 12

What kind of muscle are precapillary sphincters made of?

Answer 12

Smooth muscle

Question 13

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

Answer 13

Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoidal

Question 14

This type of capillary has a basement membrane made of extracellular matrix that involves gas exchange goi ng directly through one cell to another.

Answer 14

Continuous capillary

Question 15

If gas exchange cannot occur passively, these carry substances that cannot diffuse easily through the cell, across the cell.

Answer 15

Vesicles

Question 16

Where are vesicles found in capillaries?

Answer 16

In the cytoplasm

Question 17

This type of capillary has circular/porous openings that allow small enough substances to pass from the lumen surface to basal surface without having to go directly through the cell.

Answer 17

Fenestrated capillary

Question 18

This type of capillary is deliberately leaky so nutrients can get into the blood in a shorter period of time.

Answer 18

Fenestrated capillary

Question 19

These two capillaries allow movement through fenestrations (particularly water-soluble substances)

Answer 19

Fenestrated and sinusoidal capillaries

Question 20

This drains excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins from tissues and returns them the blood.

Answer 20

Lymph/lymph vascular system

Question 21

When lymph is screened for foreign antigens, and it detects one - how does it usually respond? (2 points)

Answer 21

1st point: lymph vascular system has an immune surveillance system.

2nd point: When it detects a foreign antigen, it responds by releasing antibodies and activated immune cells

Question 22

The lymph doesn’t absorb fat from intestine and transports to the blood. True or false.

Answer 22

False. Lymph absorbs fat and transports it to blood.

Question 23

These commence as large, blind ending capillaries.

Answer 23

Lymphatic vessels

Question 24

This is a special group of lymphatic vessels in the small intestine that drains fat-laden lymph.

Answer 24

proof that lymph absorbs fat - the presence of these specialised structures

Lacteals

Question 25

This is the collecting vessel where fat-laden lymph from the intestine is collected/deposited.

Answer 25

Cisterna chyli

Question 26

How many sides does lymph have?

Answer 26

2 (afferent and efferent side)

Question 27

This is a type of capillary with an incomplete basement membrane. The lumen is significantly larger and there are intercellular gaps in between.

Answer 27

Sinusoidal capillaries

Question 28

Continuous capillaries can move blood through intercellular clefts. True or false.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Lymphatic vessels have thicker walls and numerous valves to prevent back flow. True or false.

Answer 29

False. Lymphatic vessels have thinner walls because remember, much like veins - they are capacitance vessels.

Question 30

What are the 3 regional lymph nodes?

Answer 30

Cervical, axillary, inguinal nodes

Question 31

What is the basement membrane of capillaries made of?

Answer 31

Extracellular matrix

Question 32

What capillaries would be found in your skeletal/cardiac muscle?

Answer 32

Continuous capillary

Question 33

What capillaries would be found in your small intestine? Why?

Answer 33

Fenestrated capillary - to transport nutrients from cell surface to basal surface in a shorter period of time

Question 34

What capillaries would be found in the liver?

Answer 34

Sinusoidal capillary