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HUBS192 > Reproductive 1 - Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive 1 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

These are organs where gametes are produced. What are these specific organs for male and female?

A

Gonads

Male: testes
Female: ovary

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2
Q

This is a bony basin between the trunk and the lower limbs.

What 3 structures make up this bony basin?

A

Pelvis

hip bones, sacrum and coccyx

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3
Q

What is the difference between the pelvic inlet and outlet?

A

Inlet => always open (opIN)

Outlet => always enclosed by muscles

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4
Q

True or false. The pelvic outlet is bigger than the inlet.

A

False. Inlet is bigger than outlet

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5
Q

This is a superior region that is above the pelvic inlet that contains parts of the GI tract.

A

False/greater pelvis

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6
Q

What are the 2 pelvic subdivisions and what are the differences between these subdivisions?

A

True pelvis; contains internal reproductive organs + located in inferior region (because your reproductive organs are located inferiorally)

False pelvis; contains parts of GI tract + located in superior region (because GI contents are located superiorally)

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7
Q

What’s the main difference between female and male pelvis?

A

Females have a broader sub public angle, oval inlet and straighter coccyx. => all to support childbirth and development of foetus

Males have a narrower subpubic angle, heart shaped inlet and curved coccyx

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8
Q

This closes over the pelvic outlet and contains openings of the urethra, anal canal and vagina (in females)

A

Pelvic floor

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9
Q

This is a region inferior to the pelvic floor between upper region of the thighs. This includes external genitalia and anus.

A

Male perineum

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10
Q

What are the 2 triangular divisions of the male perineum?

A

Urogenital triangle (anterior): contains external genitalia and urethral opening

Anal triangle (posterior): contains anal canal and fat capsules surrounding it

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11
Q

Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by what pelvis?

A

Lesser/true pelvis

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12
Q

The external genitalia is found in what triangular division of the male perineum?

A

Urogenital triangle

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13
Q

Openings in the female pelvic floor include what?

A

Openings of the urethra, vagina and anal canal

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14
Q

What are the 3 glands/structures in the male reproductive system that produces seminal fluid?

A

Prostate gland, seminal vesicle and bulbourethral gland

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15
Q

What are the main structures in the male reproductive tract? (5)

A

Testes, epididymis, ductus deferents, ejaculatory duct, urethra

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16
Q

This is the site of spermatogenesis and the production of hormones like testosterone and inhibin.

A

Testes

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17
Q

This is the dense fibrous capsule that surrounds the testes.

A

Tunica albuginea

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18
Q

The testes have lobules which contains these structures. This is where spermatogenesis specifically occurs.

A

Seminiferous tubes

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19
Q

These cells are responsible for producing testosterone in the seminiferous tubules.

A

Interstitial endocrine cells/Leydig cells

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20
Q

These cells are responsible for producing inhibin.

A

Nurse cells

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21
Q

These are cells which contain the spermatogonia and spermatozoa at different stages of development.

A

Spermatogenic cells

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22
Q

What are the 3 regions of the epididymis?

A

Head, body and tail

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23
Q

This is the site of sperm maturation.

A

Epididymis

24
Q

This dilates to form the ampulla and is where sperm can be stored.

A

Ductus deferens

25
Q

True or false. The ductus deferens runs from the posterior to the urinary bladder.

A

True

26
Q

These are formed by the union of the duct from the seminal vesicle and ampulla. It opens in the prostatic urethra.

A

Ejaculatory duct

27
Q

The main functions of this structure are urination and ejaculation.

A

Urethra

28
Q

This closes the bladder to ensure sperm is ejaculated through the urethra.

A

Internal urinary sphincter

29
Q

What kind of muscle is the internal urinary sphincter made of?

A

Detrusor muscle

30
Q

This occurs when the internal urinary sphincter doesn’t close, therefore the sperm ends up in the bladder as a result.

A

Retrograde ejaculation

31
Q

The male urethra is divided into three regions:

A

Prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, and penile/spongy urethra

32
Q

The scrotum contains what 3 main structures?

A

2 testes, 2 epididymis, and 2 spermatic cords

33
Q

What are the 3 main ways the testes carry out thermal regulation? How do they do this function?

A

Dartos muscle, cremaster muscle and venous plexus

Dartos muscle => wrinkles the skin
Cremaster muscle => contracts for heat conservation - brings testes closer to the body
Venous plexus => thermal exchange between arteries and veins

34
Q

The scrotum houses testes away from the body to maintain temperature at how many degrees celsius?

A

34

35
Q

Why are the testes external to the body?

A

To prevent overheating of the testes

36
Q

These run between the abdomen and testes. These contain ductus deferens, blood vessels (testicular arteries and veins), nerves and lymphatics.

A

Spermatic cords

37
Q

The penis has two main functions:

A

Urination and copulation

38
Q

What are the 3 main regions of the penis?

A

Root (bulb => top initial segment of penis)
Body of penis (rest of the penis)
Glans penis => contains external urethral orifice and is covered by foreskin (last segment of the penis - like the tip)

39
Q

This is the main erectile tissue of the dorsal aspect of the penis. (dorsal => superior)

A

Corpora cavernosa

40
Q

This is the tissue that contains the urethra and forms the bulb and glans. It is located on the ventral aspect of the penis. (ventral => superior)

A

Corpus spongiosum

(kinda remember spongiosum => it’s the penile/spongy bit of the urethra - but it’s not the main erectile tissue)

41
Q

These are responsible for producing the majority of seminal fluid. It is located posterior to the bladder and lateral to the ampulla.

A

Seminal vesicles

42
Q

What is the main function of the secretions from the seminal vesicle?

A

To produce seminal fluid with alkaline pH => acts to protect sperm against acidic environment in urethra + vagina

43
Q

This produces about 30% of the semen. It is located inferior to the bladder and wraps around prostatic urethra (which is the first region of the urethra)

A

Prostate gland

44
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland (in terms of secretion function)?

A

It contributes to sperm activation and viability and motility.

45
Q

What do secretions from the prostate gland specifically have that helps it to survive in the female reproductive system and other functions?

A

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

46
Q

These are two glands located in the urogenital diaphragm. These glands open into the spongy/penile urethra.

Its secretions lubricate and neutralise acidity in the urethra prior to ejaculation.

A

Bulbourethral glands

47
Q

This is known as the surgical method of sterilisation in males; it is characterised by cutting of the ductus deferens.

A

Vasectomy

48
Q

This is the process by which spermatogonia are transformed into mature spermatozoa.

Where does this process occur?

A

Spermatogenesis; in the seminiferous tubules (testes)

49
Q

This is the spermatogonia which stays in the basement membrane to ensure that the cells (spermatogonia) can divide continuously.

A

Type A spermatogonia

50
Q

This is the spermatogonia which goes on to differentiate not a spermatocyte.

A

Type B spermatogonia

51
Q

How many spermatids are produced as a result of meiosis? How many chromosomes do they have?

A

4 spermatids each with a haploid number of chromosomes.

52
Q

This is the specific process of when spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa with a head, body and tail.

A

Spermiogenesis

53
Q

What are the 3 main reproductive hormones? (1 is released by the hypothalamus and 2 are released by the anterior pituitary)

A

GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)

FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)

LH (luteinizing hormone)

54
Q

This is a hormone responsible for male characteristics such as the maturation of sex organs, spermatogenesis, secondary sex characteristics and libido.

A

Testosterone

55
Q

What hormone stimulates the production of testosterone in Leydig cells?

A

Luteinizing hormone (from anterior pituitary)

56
Q

What hormone stimulates release of inhibin from nurse cells?

A

FSH (remember: FISH - FSH for Inhibin)

HUBS192 (29 decks)

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