Respiratory Anatomy 1 - Upper Respiratory Tract

Question 1

What is the optimal condition of the air?

Answer 1

Clean, warm and moist

Question 2

The 3 key structures of the upper respiratory system are:

Answer 2

nose, nasal cavity and pharynx (the throat)

Question 3

This is the site of gas exchange - the final destination of air that is in optimal quality.

Answer 3

Respiratory zone/alveoli

Question 4

What structures comprise respiratory zone?

Answer 4

Bronchioles and alveoli

Question 5

This is epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria.

Answer 5

Mucosa

Question 6

What is lamina propria made of?

Answer 6

Connective tissue - may contain glands as well

Question 7

Sheet of epithalial cells/epithelium attached via basement membrane to lamina propria/connective tissue

Answer 7

Mucosa

Question 8

Most body organs are lined with what?

Answer 8

Mucosa

Question 9

This is the passage for air and food.

Answer 9

Oral cavity

Question 9

This area of the URT ensures the air is warm, clean and moist

Answer 9

Conducting zone

Question 9

This is a sheet of epithelial cells attached via basement membrane to the lamina propria

Answer 9

Mucosa

Question 10

This layer has more connective tissue and depending on region may contain many MUCOSAL glands.

Answer 10

Submucosal layer

Question 11

This is a sheet of epithelial cells attached via basement membrane to the lamina propria. It contains some mucosal glands.

Answer 11

Mucosa

Question 12

What kind of epithelia makes up most of the conducting region?

Answer 12

Respiratory epithelium

Question 13

What kind of epithelia makes up where food and air travel?

Answer 13

Stratified squamous

Question 14

What epithelia makes up the site of gas exchange?

Answer 14

Simple squamous

Question 15

What epithelia makes up the site of olfaction?

Answer 15

Specialised mucosa - olfactory mucosa

Question 16

What type of epithelium makes up the respiratory system?

Answer 16

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

Question 17

What type of epithelium makes up the respiratory system?

Answer 17

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

Question 17

This is the passage for air and food.

Answer 17

Oral cavity

Question 17

This layer has more connective tissue and depending on region may contain many MUCOSAL glands.

Answer 17

Submucosal layer

Question 18

This area of the URT ensures the air is warm, clean and moist

Answer 18

Conducting zone

Question 18

What kind of epithelia makes up where food and air travel?

Answer 18

Stratified squamous

Question 18

These cells produce mucus

Answer 18

Goblet cells

Question 19

What are the main components of the respiratory system?

Answer 19

URT, LRT, Thoracic cavity, joints, and respiratory muscles

Question 20

Most of the conducting region is lined with what kind of epithelium?

Answer 20

Respiratory epithelium

Question 21

This kind of epithelium is found in the nasal cavity, part of the pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi

Answer 21

Respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells)

Question 22

These cells produce a patterned movement that pushes mucus towards the pharynx (throat). This is swallowed and digested by stomach acid.

Answer 22

Ciliated cells

Question 23

Mucus from your nose is called? And mucus from your lower respiratory tract is called?

Answer 23

Snot; sputum

Question 24

Why does your nose run on a cold day?

Answer 24

Because the cilia are very temperature sensitive, so when it's cold, the cilia freezes, so there's nothing to push the mucus back into the pharynx

Question 25

Why do we cough up mucus when we are unwell?

Answer 25

Because there is an overproduction of mucus when we're sick, the extra mucus is to help trap more pathogen and bacteria

Question 26

These are known as resonating chambers for speech

Answer 26

Paranasal sinus

Question 27

This is the primary passageway for air. It is made of cartilage and maintains a patent (open) airway

Answer 27

Nose

Question 28

What kind of epithelium is the vestibule/passage/vessel of the nose lined with?

Answer 28

Stratified sqamous epithelium

Question 29

These are responsible for filtering inhaled air in the nostrils.

Answer 29

vibrissae

Question 30

The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by _____ and ____ _______.

Answer 30

Hard and soft palates.

Question 31

These open into the nasal pharynx

Answer 31

Internal nares

Question 32

This are the bones found on the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Answer 32

Conchae

Question 33

The roof of the nasal cavity is formed by what two bones?

Answer 33

Ethmoid and sphenoid bones.

Question 34

There are three projections in the upper respiratory system that swirl inspired air. It has particles that stick to mucosa, and gives more contact time to filter/clean/warm the air up. (also involved in olfactory detection)

Answer 34

Conchae

Question 35

What kind of epithelium covers the conchae?

Answer 35

Respiratory epithelium

Question 36

This type of epithelium is responsible for picking up smell.

Answer 36

Nasal/olfactory epithelium

Question 37

What two types of epithelia make up the nasal cavity?

Answer 37

Respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium (olfactory epithelium contains smell receptors)

Question 38

This is epithelium that sits on lamina propria. It has a thin walled vascular plexus and helps to warm incoming air.

Answer 38

Nasal mucosa

Question 39

When air temperature drops, the plexus ______. Why?

Answer 39

The plexus dilates to generate more heat and warm the air up more.

Question 40

Nose bleeds originate from damage in the?

Answer 40

Nasal mucosa - because nasal mucosa is made of thin walled vascular plexuses. - so when the blood vessels are ruptured, the blood runs down the nose

Question 41

This is a cavity within a bone.

Answer 41

Sinus

Question 42

This is commonly called the throat. It is a muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system.

Answer 42

The pharynx

Question 43

What are the 3 regions of the pharynx?

Answer 43

Nasopharynx (behind the nose), oropharynx (behind oral cavity), and laryngopharynx (behind the larynx)

Question 44

This is a region of the pharynx that provides air passage only.

Answer 44

Nasopharynx

Question 45

These two structures block the nasopharynx during swallowing to prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.

Answer 45

Soft palate and uvula

Question 46

These drain in the pharynx from the middle ear. (protects middle ear from infection)

Answer 46

Auditory tubes

Question 47

This is a region of the pharynx that provides passage for both air and food. It is lined with stratified squamous epithelium to protect against abrasion. It is posterior to the oral cavity.

Answer 47

Oropharynx.

Question 48

Which region of the pharynx do palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils belong to?

Answer 48

Oropharynx

Question 49

This is a region of the pharynx where food and air separate (it is where the respiratory and digestive tracts diverge)

Answer 49

Laryngopharynx

Question 50

What kind of epithelium is the laryngopharynx lined with? (Remember what kind of things go through it)

Answer 50

Stratified squamous epithelium (to protect from food)

Question 51

Where in the upper respiratory system would you find stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 51

Nasal vestibule, oropharynx and laryngopharynx