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HUBS192 > Gastrointestinal Anatomy: Stomach and Pancreas > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Anatomy: Stomach and Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Food enters through the?

A

Oral cavity (mouth, throat)

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2
Q

This is the general serous membrane that lines the stomach.

A

Peritoneum

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3
Q

This is the peritoneum that lines the body wall.

A

Parietal peritoneum

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4
Q

This is the peritoneum that lines the organs.

A

Visceral peritoneum

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5
Q

This is the layer located posterior to the peritoneum.

A

Retroperitoneal layer

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6
Q

This is double layer of visceral peritoneum that connects organ to the body wall.

A

Mesentery

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7
Q

This is a double layer of visceral peritoneum that connects an organ to another organ.

A

Omenta

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8
Q

This is an organ located at the base of the esophagus.

A

Stomach

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9
Q

This is the area where the esophagus passes through diaphragm.

A

Esophageal hiatus

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10
Q

This is a structure in the stomach that prevents reflux. This ensures the stomach contents don’t go back up the esophagus.

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

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11
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the gross structures of the stomach?

A

Cardia, fundus, body and pylorus

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12
Q

This is responsible for connecting stomach to liver.

A

Lesser omentum

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13
Q

This is responsible for connecting the stomach to transverse colon.

A

Greater omentum

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14
Q

What is the muscularis layer modified for in the stomach?

A

For motility (because the stomach needs to be able to move food around the digest it)

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15
Q

These are temporary folds that allow for the expansion of the stomach.

A

Rugae

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16
Q

What is rugae made of?

A

Submucosa

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17
Q

What is the 2 main function of the rugae?

A
  • help expansion of stomach
  • important for storage (the folds uncrinkle when they’re filled, and crinkle when they’re empty)
18
Q

What kind of epithelia makes the mucosa of the stomach?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

19
Q

The infolding of simple columnar epithelium increases surface area by doing what?

A

Infolding produces gastric glands

20
Q

What are the 3 cells of the gastric glands?

A

Parietal cells, G cells, chief cells

21
Q

These cells of the gastric gland secrete acid and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cells

22
Q

These cells secrete hormones (gastrin)

A

G cells

23
Q

These are cells that release pepsinogen

A

Chief cells

24
Q

What cells dominated the gastric pits?

A

Mucous epithelial cells/goblet cells

25
Q

True or false. The chief cells have an abundant endoplasmic reticulum.

A

True

26
Q

Which cells of the stomach have an abundant mitochondria and a folded structure to increase surface area?

A

Parietal cells

27
Q

True or false. Parietal cells have canaliculli between microvilli that serve as channels that pump out H+ ions.

A

True

28
Q

What regulates stomach function?

A

Endocrine control = endocrine cells
Neural control = enteric nervous system (local reflex) + CNS (long reflexes)

29
Q

This modulates the ENS function to provide long neural reflexes.

A

CNS = central nervous system

30
Q

This system is important for regulating local reflexes.

A

Enteric nervous system

31
Q

What two hormones are released by endocrine cells in mucosa for endocrine control?

A

Gastrin and Ghrelin

32
Q

True or false. Parietal cells have large amounts of zymogen granules.

A

False. The chief cells have large amounts of zymogen granules (containing pepsinogen)

33
Q

Enzymes and bicarbonate are produced by what organ?

A

Pancreas

34
Q

Mucous in the small intestine is provided by what structures/glands?

A

Glands in submucosa and duodenum

35
Q

This is a retroperitoneal organ that is posterior to the stomach. It has a duct that points into the duodenal lumen.

A

Pancreas

36
Q

This organ has both endocrine and exocrine functions.

A

Pancreas

37
Q

What is the endocrine and exocrine function of the pancreas?

A

Endocrine: releases hormones like insulin and glucagon.

Exocrine: secretes digestive enzymes (acinar cells) and bicarbonate (duct cells)

38
Q

This is where the bile duct meets pancreatic duct.

A

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

39
Q

This is a structure in the pancreas that projects into the duodenal lumen.

A

Duodenal papilla

40
Q

The release of secretions from the pancreas is controlled by?

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter

HUBS192 (29 decks)

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