Skin 2

Question 1

What are the four accessory structures of the skin?

Answer 1

Hair, sweat glands, nails, receptors

Question 2

Hair is found all over the body except in?

Answer 2

Palms, soles and lips

Question 3

What is hair made of?

Answer 3

dead keratinised cells

Question 4

Where is hair/the hair shaft produced in?

Answer 4

Hair follicle

Question 5

What is hair consisted of?

Answer 5

Arrector pili muscle, sebaceous glands, root hair plexus

Question 6

This produces contractions that result in goose bumps and improves insulation of the body

Answer 6

Arrector pili muscle

Question 7

This is a collection of sensory nerves at the base of each hair follicle that causes heightened sensation

Answer 7

Root hair plexus

Question 8

This produces oily secretion known as sebum. Nourishes hair shaft, moisturises skin and acts as a water repellent.

Answer 8

Sebaceous glands

Question 9

What leads to acne?

Answer 9

Blocked hair follicles and increased sebum production and infection

Question 10

This is sheep sebum and may be purified for commercial use in skin care products

Answer 10

Lanolin

Question 11

What are the 2 sweat glands?

Answer 11

Eccrine and apocrine

Question 12

What is the fundamental difference between eccrine and apocrine?

Answer 12

Eccrine is closer to the surface of the skin and secretes water secretions directly on skin

Apocrine is deeper to the surface of the skin and secretes oily, sticky and odorous secretions through the hair follicle onto the skin

Question 13

This sweat glands may be influenced by hormones.

Answer 13

Apocrine

Question 14

This sweat gland is important in thermoregulation and excretion, and has some antibacterial action.

Answer 14

Eccrine

Question 15

These protect the finger tips and toes. As well as prevent the temporary deformation of skin when activating receptors

Answer 15

Nails

Question 16

What are some of the effects caused by skin aging?

Answer 16

Thin dermis & epidermis, slower skin repair, drier epidermis, impaired cooling and less pigmentation

Question 17

What is drier epidermis a result of?

Answer 17

Less sebum produced by sebaceous glands

Question 18

What is impaired cooling a result of?

Answer 18

Less sweat

Question 19

What does tobacco do to the skin?

Answer 19

Damages blood supply of dermis and damage collagen and elastin in skin

Question 20

Nicotine reduces:

Answer 20

blood circulation

Question 21

This is a result of vaping and is the inflammation of the skin due to metal coating on e-cigarettes

Answer 21

Contact dermatitis

Question 22

This pigment is produced by the skin and protects cells from UV light

Answer 22

Melanin

Question 23

Where is melanin produced?

Answer 23

In the melanocytes

Question 24

These are vesicles containing melanin. Responsible for transporting melanin throughout different areas of epidermis

Answer 24

Melanosomes

Question 25

Where are melanocytes found?

Answer 25

Stratum basale

Question 26

What is the fundamental difference between melanocytes and melanosome?

Answer 26

Melanocytes are not shed & found in stratum basale
Melanosomes are shed & found throughout the epidermis

Question 27

This is a cluster of melanocytes in one area to the point where it appears on the surface of the skin

Answer 27

Mole

Question 28

This is a result of the overproduction of melanosomes by melanocytes

Answer 28

Freckles

Question 29

This is essential for normal calcium metabolism and strong bones

Answer 29

Vitamin D

Question 30

Vitamin D deficiency can cause the bending of the bones/limbs - which is known as:

Answer 30

rickets

Question 31

This is a cancer that originates in the stratum basale and affects the stem cells. Metastasis is rare and the symptoms are relatively benign

Answer 31

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 32

This is a cancer that originates in melanocytes. It is deadly if not treated, highly metastatic and the mortality rate is dependent upon tumour

Answer 32

Malignant melanoma