Cardio - Heart Anatomy 1

Question 1

What are the four main organs in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

Heart, arteries, capillaries, lymphatics/veins

Question 2

What are the organs in the vascular system made up of?

Answer 2

Vascular tissue

Question 3

What is vascular tissue made of?

Answer 3

epithelial cells and muscle cells (cardiac muscle - for heart, smooth muscle for lining)

Question 4

This is a closed supply and drainage system - a continuous loop

Answer 4

Blood vascular system

Question 5

This is an open entry drainage system - a one way system

Answer 5

Lymphatic system

Question 6

What are the 2 circulations in the body?

Answer 6

Pulmonary and systemic circulation

Question 7

These are the only supply path of the cardiovascular system - supply blood to important structures in the body

Answer 7

Arteries

Question 8

These are situated to avoid damage

Answer 8

Major arteries

Question 9

What is the exchange network of the body?

Answer 9

Capillaries

Question 10

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

Answer 10

Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoidal

categorised based on degree of permeability/leakiness

Question 11

What is the drainage organ of the body?

Answer 11

Veins/lymphatics

Question 12

Why is movement of blood under veins slow?

Answer 12

Because it’s under low pressure and a much larger cross-sectional area

Question 13

What are the 3 pathways for drainage?

Answer 13

Deep veins, superficial veins, lymphatics

This could also be referring to cardiac circulation - where the 3 main paths for drainage in the veins is through the: coronary sinus, great cardiac vein and small cardiac vein

Question 14

What shape is the heart?

Answer 14

Blunt cone shaped, with an apex and a base

Question 15

Where is the PMI?

Answer 15

Between the 5th and 6th rib - 5th intercostal space

Question 16

Where does the base of the heart lie?

Answer 16

Between 2nd and 3rd rib, 2nd intercostal space

Question 17

This structure receives blood from the periphery.

Answer 17

Atrium

Question 18

These pump blood out of the heart into either the pulmonary/systemic circulation

Answer 18

Ventricles

Question 19

Which side of the heart does oxygenated blood come through?

Answer 19

Left side

Question 20

What circulation does oxygenated blood come from?

Answer 20

Pulmonary circulation (through the lungs)

Question 21

Where does the left
atrium receive its blood from?

Answer 21

4 pulmonary veins (2 from each lung)

Question 22

Which side of the heart does deoxygenated blood come through?

Answer 22

Right side

Question 23

Where does the right atrium receive its blood from?

Answer 23

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

Question 24

What are the 3 main layers of the heart?

Answer 24

Endocardium, Myocardium and Epicardium

Question 25

What is the most dominant layer of the heart?

Answer 25

Myocardium

Question 26

These cells line up the heart chambers and functions to separate the blood from blood vessels and capillaries. It stops blood from coagulation/aka formation of blood clots

Answer 26

Squamous epithelium/endothelium

Question 27

The endocardium consists of what 4 main components?

Answer 27

Endothelium, loose FCT, small blood vessels, Purkinje fibres

Question 28

Why is the right side of the heart thinner in comparison to the left side of the heart?

Answer 28

Because there’s less muscle involved in pulmonary circulation, so less force is required to pump blood through the right ventricle

Question 29

What 3 components make up the epicardium?

Answer 29

Visceral pericardium, blood vessels, and loose irregular FCT

Question 30

This is a layer that surrounds the heart

Answer 30

Pericardium

Question 31

What are the 3 layers of pericardium?

Answer 31

Serous layer (visceral and parietal), fibrous/tough layer, pericardial cavity (with pericardial fluid)