Cardio - Heart Anatomy 2

Question 1

This valve controls the blood flow from ventricles to arteries

Answer 1

Semilunar valve

Question 2

This valve controls the blood flow between atrium and ventricles. Prevent blood returning to the atria during ventricular contraction

Answer 2

Atrioventricular valve

Question 3

Which side of the heart is the tricuspid valve in?

Answer 3

Right side

Question 4

Which side of the heart is the bicuspid/mitral valve in?

Answer 4

Left side

Question 5

These valves prevent blood returning to the ventricles during diastole

Answer 5

Semilunar valves

Question 6

These are strong tendonous strands that stabilise the leaflets of the AV valves and prevents the leaflets from prolapsing into atrium because of high pressure.

Answer 6

Chordae tendineae

Question 7

These muscles are responsible for slowing down the closure of the leaflet so it doesn’t aggresively close

Answer 7

Papillary muscles

Question 8

What arteries are involved in supplying the blood in the heart? (4)

Answer 8

Right & left coronary artery, circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery

Question 9

What structures are involved in draining the blood? (3)

Answer 9

Coronary sinus, great cardiac vein, small cardiac vein

Question 10

This muscle is involved mainly in the beating of the heart,

Answer 10

Cardiac muscle

Question 11

How are cardiac muscle cells interconnected?

Answer 11

ICDS - intercalated discs

Question 12

How many nuclei does a cardiac muscle cell have?

Answer 12

1/2 nuclei

Question 13

Where are cytoplasmic organelles found in cardiac muscle cells?

Answer 13

Poles of the nucleus

Question 14

This takes up about 20% of the volume of a cardiac muscle cell.

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

Why do cardiac muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria?

Answer 15

So it can undergo aerobic metabolism. Aerobic metabolism is highly dependent on oxygen

Question 16

These link actin to actin. (vertical link)

Answer 16

Adhesion belts

Question 17

These link cytokeratin with cytokeratin

Answer 17

Desmosome

Question 18

These fuse the phospholipid bilayers with each other, and is very important in electrochemical communication. (horizontal link)

Answer 18

Gap junctions

Question 19

This system is responsible for the coordination of heart contraction and atrioventricular valve action. Its actions greatly increase the efficiency of heart pumping.

Answer 19

Conduction System

Question 20

These alter the rate of conduction impulse generation.

Answer 20

Autonomic nerves

Question 21

Conduction cells/nodes are made of what?

Answer 21

Modified cardiac muscle

Question 22

These are non-contractile cells are responsible for carrying the electrical signals required for the conduction system. These cells have lots of gap junctions because they are communicating cells

Answer 22

Conduction cells

Question 23

What are the vessels of cardiac circulation?

Answer 23

Aorta, coronary arteries, myocardial capillaries, cardiac veins, coronary sinus, right atrium

Question 24

These nerves decrease heart rate

Answer 24

Vagus/parasympathetic nerves

Question 25

These nerves increase heart rate.

Answer 25

T1-4/sympathetic nerves

Question 26

What cell type makes up cardiac muscle?

Answer 26

Cardiomyocytes

Question 27

This artery supplies the stomach, spleen and liver

Answer 27

Celiac trunk

Question 28

These are beam-like structures inside the myocardium that form bridges/ridges with each other

Answer 28

Trabeculae canal