Cardio - Heart Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main organs in the cardiovascular system?

A

Heart, arteries, capillaries, lymphatics/veins

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2
Q

What are the organs in the vascular system made up of?

A

Vascular tissue

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3
Q

What is vascular tissue made of?

A

epithelial cells and muscle cells (cardiac muscle - for heart, smooth muscle for lining)

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4
Q

This is a closed supply and drainage system - a continuous loop

A

Blood vascular system

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5
Q

This is an open entry drainage system - a one way system

A

Lymphatic system

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6
Q

What are the 2 circulations in the body?

A

Pulmonary and systemic circulation

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7
Q

These are the only supply path of the cardiovascular system - supply blood to important structures in the body

A

Arteries

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8
Q

These are situated to avoid damage

A

Major arteries

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9
Q

What is the exchange network of the body?

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

A

Continuous, Fenestrated, Sinusoidal

categorised based on degree of permeability/leakiness

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11
Q

What is the drainage organ of the body?

A

Veins/lymphatics

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12
Q

Why is movement of blood under veins slow?

A

Because it’s under low pressure and a much larger cross-sectional area

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13
Q

What are the 3 pathways for drainage?

A

Deep veins, superficial veins, lymphatics

This could also be referring to cardiac circulation - where the 3 main paths for drainage in the veins is through the: coronary sinus, great cardiac vein and small cardiac vein

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14
Q

What shape is the heart?

A

Blunt cone shaped, with an apex and a base

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15
Q

Where is the PMI?

A

Between the 5th and 6th rib - 5th intercostal space

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16
Q

Where does the base of the heart lie?

A

Between 2nd and 3rd rib, 2nd intercostal space

17
Q

This structure receives blood from the periphery.

A

Atrium

18
Q

These pump blood out of the heart into either the pulmonary/systemic circulation

A

Ventricles

19
Q

Which side of the heart does oxygenated blood come through?

A

Left side

20
Q

What circulation does oxygenated blood come from?

A

Pulmonary circulation (through the lungs)

21
Q

Where does the left
atrium receive its blood from?

A

4 pulmonary veins (2 from each lung)

22
Q

Which side of the heart does deoxygenated blood come through?

A

Right side

23
Q

Where does the right atrium receive its blood from?

A

Superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus

24
Q

What are the 3 main layers of the heart?

A

Endocardium, Myocardium and Epicardium

25
Q

What is the most dominant layer of the heart?

A

Myocardium

26
Q

These cells line up the heart chambers and functions to separate the blood from blood vessels and capillaries. It stops blood from coagulation/aka formation of blood clots

A

Squamous epithelium/endothelium

27
Q

The endocardium consists of what 4 main components?

A

Endothelium, loose FCT, small blood vessels, Purkinje fibres

28
Q

Why is the right side of the heart thinner in comparison to the left side of the heart?

A

Because there’s less muscle involved in pulmonary circulation, so less force is required to pump blood through the right ventricle

29
Q

What 3 components make up the epicardium?

A

Visceral pericardium, blood vessels, and loose irregular FCT

30
Q

This is a layer that surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

31
Q

What are the 3 layers of pericardium?

A

Serous layer (visceral and parietal), fibrous/tough layer, pericardial cavity (with pericardial fluid)