Cardio - Heart Anatomy 2 Flashcards

1
Q

This valve controls the blood flow from ventricles to arteries

A

Semilunar valve

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2
Q

This valve controls the blood flow between atrium and ventricles. Prevent blood returning to the atria during ventricular contraction

A

Atrioventricular valve

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3
Q

Which side of the heart is the tricuspid valve in?

A

Right side

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4
Q

Which side of the heart is the bicuspid/mitral valve in?

A

Left side

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5
Q

These valves prevent blood returning to the ventricles during diastole

A

Semilunar valves

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6
Q

These are strong tendonous strands that stabilise the leaflets of the AV valves and prevents the leaflets from prolapsing into atrium because of high pressure.

A

Chordae tendineae

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7
Q

These muscles are responsible for slowing down the closure of the leaflet so it doesn’t aggresively close

A

Papillary muscles

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8
Q

What arteries are involved in supplying the blood in the heart? (4)

A

Right & left coronary artery, circumflex artery and anterior interventricular artery

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9
Q

What structures are involved in draining the blood? (3)

A

Coronary sinus, great cardiac vein, small cardiac vein

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10
Q

This muscle is involved mainly in the beating of the heart,

A

Cardiac muscle

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11
Q

How are cardiac muscle cells interconnected?

A

ICDS - intercalated discs

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12
Q

How many nuclei does a cardiac muscle cell have?

A

1/2 nuclei

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13
Q

Where are cytoplasmic organelles found in cardiac muscle cells?

A

Poles of the nucleus

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14
Q

This takes up about 20% of the volume of a cardiac muscle cell.

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

Why do cardiac muscle cells have a lot of mitochondria?

A

So it can undergo aerobic metabolism. Aerobic metabolism is highly dependent on oxygen

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16
Q

These link actin to actin. (vertical link)

A

Adhesion belts

17
Q

These link cytokeratin with cytokeratin

A

Desmosome

18
Q

These fuse the phospholipid bilayers with each other, and is very important in electrochemical communication. (horizontal link)

A

Gap junctions

19
Q

This system is responsible for the coordination of heart contraction and atrioventricular valve action. Its actions greatly increase the efficiency of heart pumping.

A

Conduction System

20
Q

These alter the rate of conduction impulse generation.

A

Autonomic nerves

21
Q

Conduction cells/nodes are made of what?

A

Modified cardiac muscle

22
Q

These are non-contractile cells are responsible for carrying the electrical signals required for the conduction system. These cells have lots of gap junctions because they are communicating cells

A

Conduction cells

23
Q

What are the vessels of cardiac circulation?

A

Aorta, coronary arteries, myocardial capillaries, cardiac veins, coronary sinus, right atrium

24
Q

These nerves decrease heart rate

A

Vagus/parasympathetic nerves

25
Q

These nerves increase heart rate.

A

T1-4/sympathetic nerves

26
Q

What cell type makes up cardiac muscle?

A

Cardiomyocytes

27
Q

This artery supplies the stomach, spleen and liver

A

Celiac trunk

28
Q

These are beam-like structures inside the myocardium that form bridges/ridges with each other

A

Trabeculae canal