Cardio Physiology 1 & 2 Flashcards
Blood movement through the heart is gated by?
Valves
This controls the flow between atria and ventricles
AV valves
These control the flow from ventricles out to the circulatory vessels
Aortic and pulmonary valves
Which sides of the heart are the aortic and pulmonary valves? (respectively)
Aortic is on the left
Pulmonary is on the right
Every ______ is activated during heartbeat. Which is different to skeletal muscle because the amount of muscle cells activated can be controlled.
cardiomyocyte
How can we increase the force of cardiac contraction?
By increasing the amount of Ca2+ pumped from SR
More Ca2+ means more crossbridges formed between actin and myosin
More cross-bridges means more contraction
More contraction means more force generated
What are the two circulations in the body?
Systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation
This is characterised by falling blood pressure/relaxation
Diastole
This is characterised by increasing blood pressure/contraction
Systole
What are the five phases of the cardiac cycle?
Atrial Systole, Isovolumetric Interventricular Contraction, Ventricular Ejection/Systole, Isovolumetric Interventricular Relaxation, Passive Filling (of the atria)
True or false. Systole is longer than diastole.
False. Filling of the chambers take up more time, so diastole takes longer.
This is much higher than pulmonary artery pressure.
Systemic arterial pressure.
Why is systemic arterial pressure higher than pulmonary artery pressure?
Because more force is needed to pump blood into the systemic circulation (or arteries in the systemic circulation)
This is the highest point on a blood pressure trace.
Systolic pressure
This is the lowest point on a blood pressure trace.
Diastolic pressure.
This is the difference between the highest and lowest points of pressure.
Pulse pressure
This is the average pressure across the full cycle - so doesn’t necessarily mean the ‘middle’ of the graph.
Mean pressure
This is high blood pressure.
Hypertension
This is low blood pressure.
Hypotension
What is the order of blood pumping in the four chambers of the heart?
So the atrium will pump blood first and then the ventricles.