Chapter 1 (pages 1-15) Flashcards
Definition of Anatomy
The science of the structure of the human body
Definition of Physiology
How structures of the human body function
Structural Organization of Human Body
Chemical - Cells - Tissues - Organs - System - Organism
What happens at the Chemical level?
All chemicals necessary for maintaining life are composted of atoms.
Atoms join together to form molecules.
Molecules band together to form cells
Definition of Cells
Basic structural and functional unit of every human being. All parts are composed of cells.
Definition of Tissues
Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function.
Types of Tissues and their definition
Epithelial - tissue that covers internal and external surfaces of the body, including lining of vessels and organs
Connective - tissue that binds together and suports the various structures
Muscular - tissues that make up muscle
Nervous - tissues that make up the substance of nerves and nerve centers
Definition of Organ and Organ System
Organ - perform a specific function for the human body
Organ System - consists of organs that perform a common or related function
What are the 10 systems of the body?
Skeletal
Ciculatory
Digestive
Repiratory
Urinary
Reproductive
Nervous
Muscular
Endocrine
Integumentary
Functions of Skeletal System
Support and protect the body
Allow movement by working along with muscles
Produce blood cells
Stores calcium
What is the Circulatory System composed of?
Heart, blood, blood vessels, lymphatic system, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and lymph glands
What are the functions of the Circulatory System?
Distributes O2 and nutrients to cells
Carries cell waste and CO2 from cells
Transports H2O and electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes
Prevents hemorrhaging by forming blood clots
Protects against disease
Helps regulate body temp
What makes up the Digestive System?
Alimentary canal - mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
Assessory organs
What are the functions of the Digestive System?
Prepares food for absorption by cells through chemical and physical breakdown processes
Eliminates solid waste
What makes up the Respiratory System?
Two lungs, nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and bronchial tree
What are the functions of the Respiratory System?
Supplies O2 in the blood
Eliminates CO2 in the blood
Assists in regulating acid-base balance of blood
Fuctions of the Urinary System
Produces, collects, and eliminates urine
Regulates chemical composition of blood
Eliminates many waste products
Regulates fluid and electrolyte balance and volume
Maintains acid base balance of body
Functions of Reproductive System
To produce offspring
What makes up the Reproductive System (male and female)?
Male - testes, vas deferens, prostate, and penis
Female - ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina
What makes up the Nervous System?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and special sense organs such as eyes and ears
Function of the Nervous System
Regulate body activities with electrical impulses which travel along nerves
What makes up the Muscular System?
Muscle tissue:
Visceral - smooth and involuntary, located in the walls of hollow internal organs
Skeletal - composed of most of the body’s muscle mass (43%), striated and under volutary control
Cardiac - found only in the walls of the heart, involuntary, and striated
Functions of the Muscular System
Allows movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat
What makes up the Endocrine System?
Ductless glands including the testes, ovaries, pancreas, adrenals, thymus, thyroid, parathyroids, pineal, and pituitary
Function of the Endocrine System
Regulate body activity by release of hormones through the bloodstream
What makes up the Integumentary System?
Skin and all structures derived from it - hair, sweat, nails, and oil glands
Function of the Integumentary System
Regulates body temp
Protects the body
Receives stimulus
Eliminates waste through perspiration
Definition of Osteology
Study of bones