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Rad Positioning I > Pathology - Chest > Flashcards

Pathology - Chest Flashcards

1
Q

What is Emphysema? How does it show up in Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Lung’s alveoli become distended and there is an increase in air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles; dyspnea is primary symptom

Depressed diaphragm, radiolucent lungs, incresaed retrosternal air space (barrel-shaped chest)

Decrease exposure

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2
Q

What is Chronic Obstrutive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)? Exposure adjustment?

A

Group of disorders that cause chronic airway obstruction

Decrease

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3
Q

What is Pleurisy? How does it show up on Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Inflammation of the pleural; pain is on one side or the other and along intercostal nerve roots

Possible air-fluid levels, or none with “dry” pleurisy

No adjustment

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4
Q

What is Pleural Effusion? How does it show up on Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Excess fluid in pleural cavity

Increased radiodensity; air-fluid levels, possible mediastinal shift

Increase in exposure

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5
Q

What is Hemothorax? How does it show on an Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Plueral effusion containing blood

Increased radiodensity; air-fluid levels, possible mediastinal shift

Increase in exposure

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6
Q

What is a Pneumothorax? How does it show on an Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Free air is trapped in the plural space caused by penetrating chest trauma or blowout of bleb

Strip of radiolucency with no lung markings

No exposure adjustment

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7
Q

What is Atelectasis? How would it show up on an xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Collapse of all or part of lung

Radiodense lung regions with shift of heart and trachea

Increase exposure

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8
Q

What is congestive Heart Failure (CHF)? What causes CHF? Exposure adjustment?

A

Heart is unable to propel blood at a sufficent rate and volume - results in insufficient blood supply to the tissues

Hypertension

Increase

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9
Q

What is Coronary Artery Disease? What does it cause? Exposure adjustment?

A

Plaque accumulates in the arteries, reducing blood supply to heart.

Ischemia and myocardial damage

No adjustment

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10
Q

What is a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)? What causes a CVA? Exposure adjustment?

A

Stroke; Atherosclerotic disease affecting blood supply to the brain

Brain hemorrhage
Infraction
Embolism

No adjustment

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11
Q

What is an Aneurysm? And what causes it? Exposure adjustment?

A

Ballooning or out-pouching of a vessel wall as a result of weakining

Atherosclerotic disease, trauma, infection, or congenital defects

No adjustment

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12
Q

What is Pneumonia? What does it look like on an xray? Expsosure adjustment?

A

Inflammation of the lungs resulting in accumulation of fluid

Patchy infiltrate wth increased radiodensity

Increase exposure

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13
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

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14
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood

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15
Q

What are the most common forms of COPD?

A

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

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16
Q

What breathing technique is used for Pneumothorax?

A

PA inspiration and
PA expiration

17
Q

What is Aspiration? How will it show up on xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Food or foreign objects stuck in the air passways.

Radiodense or radiopaque outline

Decrease

18
Q

What is Bronchiectasis? How does it show up on an xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Dilation or widending of bronchi; bronchial walls become inflamed casuing increased mucus and chronic cough

Radiodense lower lungs

No adjustment

19
Q

What is Bronchitis? How does it show up on an xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Excessive mucus in the bronchi causing shortness of breath.

Hyperinflation and more dominant lower lung markings

No exposure adjustment

20
Q

What is Cystic Fibrosis? How does it show up on an xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Most common inherited disease - heavy mucus causes clogging of bronchi and bronchioles

Increased radiodensities in specific lung regions

Increase

21
Q

What is Epoglottis? How does it show up on an xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Most common in ages 2-5; life threatening conditon; Swelling or edema at the epiglottis

Narrowing of upper airway

Decreased expsoure

22
Q

What is Lung Neoplasm? What are the different kinds? How do they show up on Xrays? Exposure adjustment?

A

Refers to new growth or tumor

Benign - hamartoma is the most common and usually found in peripheral regions of the lungs; radiodensities with sharp outlines

Malignant - 90% lung cancers start in bronchi; slight shadows in early stages, larger defined radiopaque masses in advanced stages

None

23
Q

What is Anthracosis? How does it show up on Xrays? Exposure adjustment?

A

Caused by deposits of coal dust with long term inhalation (>10 years)

Small opaque spots or conglomerate masses

No adjustment

24
Q

What is Asbestosis? How will it show up on an Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Caused by inhalation of asbestos dust

Calcifications involving the pleura

No adjustment

25
Q

What is Silicosis? How will it show up on Xrays? Exposure adjustment?

A

Caused by inhaliation of silica dust - 3 times more likely to develop TB

No exposure adjustment

Distinctive pattern of scarring and dense nodules

26
Q

What is Empyema? How does it show up on Xray? Expsoure adjustment?

A

Pleural Effusion with pus.

Increased radiodensity, air-fluid levels

Increase exposure

27
Q

What is Pulmonary Edema? How does it show up on Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Excess fluid within the lung that is caused by a backup in pulmonary circulation

Increased diffuse radiodensity in hilar regions; air fluid levels

Increase exposure

28
Q

What is Respiratory Disease Syndrome? How does it show up on Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Alveoli and capillaries are injured or infected causing leakage of fluid and blood into the spaces between the alveoli

Granular pattern of increased radiodensity throughout the lungs, possible air fluid levels

Increase exposure

29
Q

What is Tuberculosis? How does it show up on Xray? Exposure adjustment?

A

Contagious disease that is caused by bacteria

Primary - small opaque spots throughout the lungs; enlargement of hilar region

Secondary - regions of calcification with cavitations, frequently in area of upper lobes and apices with upward retraction of hila

No exposure adjustment

30
Q

What type of exam is done for occluded blood vessels?

A

Angiography

31
Q

What conditions/diseases might use CT?

A

Bronchiectasis
Malignant lung neoplasm
Pulmonary Emboli

32
Q

What is a pulmonary emboli? How does it show up on Xray? Exposure Adjustment

A

Blockage of artery

Possible wedge shaped opacity (Hamptom’s hump)

No adjustment

33
Q

Which diseases would use a decub exam?

A

Plureal Effusion
Pneumothorax

34
Q

What disease would you use a AP lordotic cxam?

A

TB - secondary

Rad Positioning I (33 decks)

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