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Rad Positioning I > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

How many divisions is the chest (thorax) divided into? What are they?

A

3 sections - bony thorax, repsiratory system, mediastinum

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium, body, and Xiphoid process

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2
Q

What are two landmarks in chest positioning?

A

Vertebra prominens
Jugular notch (suprasternum, maubrial notch)

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3
Q

What does the thoracic viscera consist of?

A

Heart, lungs, thymus gland, great vessels, trachea and esophagus

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4
Q

What is conidered the level of mid thorax?

A

T-7

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5
Q

What are the 4 divisons of the respiratory system?

A

Larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs

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6
Q

What happens when the diaphragm goes down?

A

Air is sucked into the lungs

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7
Q

What happens with the diaphragm goes up?

A

Pushes air out of the lungs

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8
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

A passage way for both food and air

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9
Q

What makes up the roof of the mouth?

A

Hard plate (palentine bone), soft plate, and uvula

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10
Q

Where is the larynx located?

A

Upper at C3 (hyoid bone)
Lower at C6

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11
Q

What forms the inferior and posterior wall of the larynx?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

What is the trachea made from?

A

A fibrous muscular tube with about 20 c-shaped rings

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13
Q

What is the function of the c-rings around the trachea?

A

Keep the tube from collapsing during inspiration

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14
Q

What glands are located near the trachea?

A

Thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus

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15
Q

Function of thyroid gland

A

Releases hormones for regulation of body metabolism, body growth, development and activity of the nervous system

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16
Q

What is the maximum size of the thymus gland?

A

40 grams

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17
Q

Function of thymus gland

A

Aids in the functioning of certain body immune systems

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18
Q

When is the thymus gland the most prominent?

A

Infancy until age 4

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19
Q

How many sections is the bronchi divided into?

A

Right - 3
Left - 2

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20
Q

What is Carina?

A

The prominence at the lowest tracheal cartilage where it divides into the left and right bronchi

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21
Q

What is the flow of bronchi to alveoli?

A

Main bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Alveoli

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22
Q

What happens in the alveoli?

A

O2 and CO2 exchange

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23
Q

How many lobes do the lungs have?

A

Right - 3
Left - 2

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24
Q

What material are the lungs made of?

A

Parenchyma

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25
Q

What is the double walled sac surrounding the lungs?

A

Pleura

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26
Q

What are the different types of pleura?

A

Parietal pleura - outside wall

Visceral pleura - inside wall

27
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

28
Q

What are the costaphrenic angles?

A

Outermost lower corner of the lungs - sometimes called the gutters

29
Q

What is the difference between hemothorax and pneumothorax?

A

Hemo - blood in pleural cavity

Pnemuo - air in pleural cavity

30
Q

Where is the mediastinum?

A

Medial portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs

31
Q

What are the structures located within the mediastinum?

A

Thymus gland
Heart
Great vessels
Trachea
Esophagus

32
Q

Where is the heart and great vessels located?

A

T5-T8, directly behind the posterior side of the sternum

33
Q

What is situs inversus?

A

Everything in the person’s body is located on the opposite side

34
Q

What are the great vessels?

A

IVC, SVC, aorta, large pulmonary arteries and veins

35
Q

What vein returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body?

A

SVC

36
Q

What vein returns blood from the lower half of the body?

A

IVC

37
Q

Where are the trachea and esophagus located?

A

Anterior to the spine until it passes through the diaphragm at T9

38
Q

What makes up the mediastinum?

A

Thymus gland, heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus

39
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Part of the mediastinum

Bronchi, ateries, veins, and nerves connect to the lungs

40
Q

Where is the oropharynx?

A

Uvula to epiglottis

41
Q

Where is the nasopharynx?

A

Top of phayrnx; Posterior to the nose

42
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx?

A

Lies above and posterior to the larynx

43
Q

Which bronchi is more verticle?

A

Right

44
Q

Where should the ET tube stop?

A

Level of the carina

45
Q

What is surfactant?

A

Lines the alveoli and decreases the lung tension to prevent atelectasis

46
Q

What should be the technique for a chest xray with no grid?

A

80 kvp

47
Q

Use radiation protection for all anatomy except:

A

pelvis or abdomen

48
Q

From 0 to 4 months - pediatric xrays are done:

A

AP supine - should try and use a 45 degree sponge

49
Q

Peds kVp should be:

A

60-80, no grid

50
Q

Why is it important to be erect for CXR?

A

Easier to get a large breath, diaphragm moves more to gain space for lungs

Shows air and fluid levels

Prevents engorgement of blood to the pulmonary blood vessels (hyperemia)

51
Q

What should the distance be for a portable CXR?

A

40”-72”

52
Q

How does AEC work?

A

mAs starts at 0 and it will adjust automatically for body part

53
Q

What AEC cells should be on for a PA chest?

A

Two outer cells

54
Q

What AEC cells should be on for a lateral chest?

A

Center cells

55
Q

What do the AEC cells do?

A

Count the xrays

56
Q

What does the body habitus button control?

A

kVp

57
Q

Why should you use a fast screen with peds?

A

Decreases motion and patient expsoure

58
Q

What is the medical term for Adam’s apple?

A

Thyroid cartilage

59
Q

What verterbra does the Carina line up with?

A

T4-T5

60
Q

What level is the Laryngeal prominence?

A

C5

61
Q

What level is the Trachea?

A

C6 to T4

62
Q

How should a decub be performed for fluid?

A

Suspected side should be down

63
Q

How should a decub be peformed for air?

A

Affected side should be up

64
Q

How should R/L Anterior obliques be performed?

A

Suspected side should be away from IR

65
Q

How sould R/L Posterior Obliques be performed?

A

Suspected side should be closest to the IR

Rad Positioning I (33 decks)

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