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Rad Positioning > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the weight bearing part of the vertebrae?

A

Body

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2
Q

What are the two main parts of the vertebrae?

A

Body and verterbral arch

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3
Q

What is a half ring of bone that helps make up the vertebral foramen?

A

Arch

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4
Q

What makes up the vertebral canal?

A

All of the vertebral foramen

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5
Q

What does the spinal cord fit through?

A

Vertebral canal

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6
Q

What is the arch made up of on a typical vertebra?

A

Pedicles, laminae, a spinous process, and transverse process

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7
Q

What is the function of intervertebral joints and Zygapopyseal joints?

A

Allow for flexibility and movement in the spine

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8
Q

Where are interverterbal joints located?

A

Between the vertebral bodies

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9
Q

What makes up Zygapophyseal joints?

A

4 artciular processes

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10
Q

Where are costovertebtal joints located?

A

T-spine only

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11
Q

What forms the interverterbral foramina?

A

Superior and inferior notches of adjoining pedicles

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12
Q

What passes through the intervertebral foramina?

A

Spinal nerves and blood

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13
Q

What makes up the intervertebral disk?

A

Outer fibrous portion called the annulus fibrosus and the soft jelly like part called the nucleus pulposus

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14
Q

What are the intervertebral disks?

A

Fibrocartiliginous disks between the bodies of vertebrae except 1st and 2nd cervical vertabrae

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15
Q

What causes a slipped disk or HNP (herniated nucleus pulposus)

A

When the nucleus pulposus (soft jelly part) protrudes through the fibrous layer, pressing on the spinal cord

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16
Q

Where does the spinal canal start and end?

A

Starts at the base of the skull and extends into sacrum - it follows the curves of the spinal vertebra

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17
Q

What is located within the spinal canal?

A

Spinal cord and filled with cerebrospinal fluid

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18
Q

Where does the spinal cord start and end?

A

Starts at the medulla oblongata in the brain, moves through all of the vertebrae until about the 1st lumbar vertebrae, then it tapers off into the conus medullaris

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19
Q

Function of intervertebral disks?

A

Separate the vertebrae and provide cushion, spacing, movement, and stability

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20
Q

Where does the cervical spine start and end?

A

C1 through C7

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21
Q

How do cervical vertebrae look compared to other?

A

Show little resemblance, get larger as they move down

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22
Q

Various characteristics of cspine vertebrae?

A

Bifid spinous process tips, overlapping vertebral bodies, and transverse foramina

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23
Q

What is C1 called and why is it unique?

A

Atlas - it has no vertebral body but has a thick arch called the anterior arch

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24
Q

What does the anterior archof C1 include?

A

Anterior tubercle

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25
What is the ligament located on the atlas and what is it's function?
Atlantal ligament - holds the ondontoid (dens) in place. Fits like a ring on a finger
26
What do the superior articular processes of C1 articulate with?
Occipital condyles of the skull
27
What is the articulation called between the occipital condyles and C1?
Atlantooccipital Articulation
28
The segments of bone between the superior and inferior articular processes (on C1) are called:
Lateral masses
29
What does C1 supports the weight of?
The head
30
What is C2 called and what is it's function?
Axis - where the rotation of the head occurs
31
How does C2 appear on open mouth projections?
C2 hides behind the jaw and teeth, but parts of it should still be seen
32
What projection is used to see zygapophyseal joints for C1 and C2?
AP open mouth projection
33
What makes up the transverse process on C3-C6 vertebrae?
The pedicle and body.
34
What passes through transverse foramina?
Nerves, arteries, and veins
35
How many foramina does a typical cervical vertebrae consist of?
3 vertical foramina
36
What does a typical cervical vertebrae end with?
Bifid tip
37
What projection is used to see Zygapophyseal joints for C3-C6?
Lateral cspine
38
What projection is used to see the cervical intervertebral foramina?
45 degree oblique position with a 15-20 cephalic angle
39
What is the bony landmark the is created by C7?
Vertebral prominens
40
How do you count the cervical vertebrae for AP and lateral projections?
AP - C7 up Lateral - C1 down
41
Where does Tspine start and end?
T1-T12
42
Each tspine vertebrae has a _______ for a rib:
Facet
43
Why is it wrong to call the tpsine the dorsal spine?
Because all vertebrae are dorsal in the body
44
How are costovertebral joints formed?
Full facet or demi-facets accept a head of a rib
45
What type of joints are specific to T1-T10 and what do they articulate with?
Costotransverse joints - articulate with the transverse process and rib
46
What is unique about T11-T12?
Only have rib articulations at the costovertebral joints
47
Where is the elongated spinous located?
On the very inferior T-spine
48
What creates the Zygapophyseal joint space?
Inferior articular processes face forward to meet the superior processes of the vertebrae below
49
What projection is needed to see Tspine Zygapophyseal joints?
Oblique 70-75 degree tspine
50
What projection is needed to see Tspine intervertebral foramina?
90 degree lateral
51
What makes up the tspine intervertebral foramina?
Superior and inferior margins of pedicles
52
Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for Atlanto-occipital joint
Synovial Diarthrodial Ellipsoid (Condyloid)
53
Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for R and L atlantoaxial
Synovial Diarthrodial Plane (gliding)
54
Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for median atlantoaxial
Synovial Diarthrodial Pivot (trochoid)
55
Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for Intervertebral
Cartilaginous Amphiarthrodial N/A
56
Classification/Mobility type/Movement type Zygapophyseal (C spine)
Synovial Diarthrodial Plane (gliding)
57
Classification/Mobility type/Movement type Costovertebral
Synovial Diarthrodial Plane (gliding)
58
Classification/Mobility type/Movement type for Costotransverse
Synovial Diarthrodial Plane (gliding)
59
How do t-spine superior and inferior articular proccesses face?
Superior - posterior Inferior - anterior
60
Cervical spine - what angle is used for a posterior oblique positon?
15-20 degrees cephalic
61
Cervical spine - what angle is used for an anterior oblique positon?
15-20 degrees caudal
62
Cervical spine - what foramina is visualized in a posterior oblique position?
LPO - right foramina RPO - left foramina
63
Cervical spine - what foramina is visualized in a anterior oblique position?
LAO - left foramina RAO - right formina
64
What side is "upside" and "downside" when doing a c-spine oblique?
Upside - side farthest away from IR (posterior projections) Downside - side closest to IR (anterior projections)
65
Thoracic spine - what Z joint is visualized in a anterior oblique position?
LAO - left z joint RAO - right z joint
66
Thoracic spine - what Z joint is visualized in a posterior oblique position?
LPO - right z joint RPO - left z joint
67
What are the primary and secondary curves of the spine?
Primary - thoracic and sacral Secondary - cervical and lumbar
68
How many vertebrae does a child and adult have?
Child - 33 (5 sacral, 4 coccyx) Adult - 26
69
What T-spine vertebrae share features with cervical vertebrae?
T1-T4
70
What T-spine vertebrae have typical features?
T5-T8
71
What T-spine vertebrae have the same characteristics as lumbar vertebrae?
T9-T12
72
What c-spine vertebrae have a bifid tip?
C2-C6

Rad Positioning (39 decks)

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