Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the most common abdomen radiograph?

Answer 1

AP Supine - KUB

Question 2

2 view abdomen includes:

Answer 2

Supine and Erect

Question 3

3 view abdomen includes:

Answer 3

Supine, Erect, PA Chest

Question 4

4 view abdomen includes:

Answer 4

Supine, Erect, PA Chest, Left Lateral Decub

Question 5

Reasons for doing Abd Rtn?

Answer 5

Bowel Obstruction
Perforations
Excessive Fluid
Intra-abdominal Mass

Question 6

Major Abdominal Muscles

Answer 6

Diaphragm
Left and Right Psoas

Question 7

Digestive organs

Answer 7

Oral cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine

Question 8

Urinary organs

Answer 8

2 kidneys
2 urters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

Question 9

Biliary organs

Answer 9

Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas

Question 10

What are accessory organs to the digestive system?

Answer 10

Liver
Gallbaldder
Pancreas

Question 11

What is the 1st organ of the digestive tract located in the abdomen?

Answer 11

Stomach

Question 12

What are the folds of the stomach?

Answer 12

Rugae

Question 13

Function of Rugae?

Answer 13

Allows the stomach to expand

Question 14

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 14

15-18 feet

Question 15

What are the parts of the small intestine, in order?

Answer 15

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 16

How long is the Duodenum?

Answer 16

10 inches

Question 17

What drains into the Duodenum?

Answer 17

Ducts from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 18

How long is the Jejunum?

Answer 18

2/5 of small intestine after Duodenum

Question 19

How long is Ileum?

Answer 19

3/5 of small intestine after Duodenum

Question 20

Where is the Ileocecal valve?

Answer 20

Between the small intestine and the cecum (distal Ileum)

Question 21

How long is the large intestine?

Answer 21

5-6 feet

Question 22

What portion of the large intestine is directly below the ileocecal valve?

Answer 22

Cecum

Question 23

What are the parts of the large intestine?

Answer 23

Cecum
Ascending Colon
Transverse Colon
Descending Colon
Sigmoid Colon
Rectum
Anus

Question 24

Where does the Transverse colon start and end?

Answer 24

Hepatic fissure to splenic fissure

Question 25

What is the largest organ IN the body?

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

Function of the liver

Answer 26

Produces bile to help with the digestion of fat

Question 27

Function of the Gallbladder?

Answer 27

Stores bile

Question 27

What is the pear shaped sac?

Answer 27

Gallbladder

Question 27

What procedure is used to see the Gallbladder without contrast?

Answer 27

Ultrasound

Question 28

Where is the Pancreas?

Answer 28

Posterior to the stomach, between the duodenum and the spleen

Question 29

How long is the Pancreas?

Answer 29

6 inches

Question 30

Function of the Pancreas?

Answer 30

Produces digestive juices that are dumped into the Duodenum

Question 31

Where is the Spleen located?

Answer 31

Posterior and to the left of the stomach

Question 32

What system is the Spleen part of?

Answer 32

Lymphatic - not digestive!

Question 33

Function of the kidneys?

Answer 33

Remove waste and excess H2O from blood

Question 34

What glands are located at the top of the kidneys?

Answer 34

Suprarenal glands

Question 35

Function of the ureters?

Answer 35

Carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 36

Function of the bladder?

Answer 36

Store urine

Question 37

Function of the Urethra?

Answer 37

Passes the urine to the exterior

Question 38

What shape is a kidney?

Answer 38

Bean

Question 39

Which kidney is usually lower due to the liver?

Answer 39

Right

Question 40

What is the Peritoneum?

Answer 40

Double walled saclike membrane that covers most of the abdominal structures, organs, and wall of the abdominal cavity

Question 41

What membrane adheres to the cavity wall?

Answer 41

Parietal Peritoneum

Question 42

What membrane covers an organ?

Answer 42

Visceral Peritoneum

Question 43

What is the Peritoneal Cavity?

Answer 43

Space between Parietal and Visceral Peritoneum

Question 44

What fluid is in the Peritoneal cavity and what is it's function?

Answer 44

Serous fluid Allows the organs to move against each other without friction

Question 45

What are the two portions of the Peritoneal Cavity?

Answer 45

Greater Sac - also known as the Peritoneal Cavity Lesser Sac - Omentum Bursa; located posterior to the stomach

Question 46

What is the Mesentary?

Answer 46

Double fold of the peritoneum

Question 47

Purpose of the Mesentary?

Answer 47

Connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall

Question 48

Location of the Mesentary?

Answer 48

Anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall completely enveloping a loop of small bowels

Question 49

What is located within the Mesentary?

Answer 49

Blood and lymph vessels and nerves

Question 50

What is the Omentum? Greater and Lesser Omentum?

Answer 50

Double fold of the peritoneum extending from the stomach Greater - hooks the inferior part of the stomach to the transverse colon Lesser - connects the superior portion of the stomach to parts of the liver

Question 51

What is the fatty apron? Function?

Answer 51

Greater omentum drapes over the small bowel and back onto itself Insulates the abdominal cavity from the exterior

Question 52

What is the mesocolon?

Answer 52

Peritoneum that connects the colon to the posterior wall. 4 types correspond to the colon that it connects.

Question 53

What is Infraperitoneal and what organs does it include?

Answer 53

Located under or beneath peritoneum Lower rectum Bladder Reproductive organs Male - closed sac Women - open sac

Question 54

What is Intraperitoneal and what organs does it include?

Answer 54

Within the abdominal cavity - lots of movement Liver Gallbladder Spleen Stomach Jejunum Ileum Cecum Transverse Colon Sigmoid Colon

Question 55

What is Retroperitoneal and what organs does it include?

Answer 55

Behind the peritoneum - very little movement Kidneys Ureters Adrenal glands Pancreas C-loop of Duodenum Asc & Desc Colon Upper rectum Maj. Abd blood vessels (aorta and IVC)

Question 56

Organs in RUQ

Answer 56

Liver Gallbladder Hepatic Flexure Duodenum (C-loop) Head of Pancreas Right Kidney Right Supreadrenal gland

Question 57

Organs in LUQ

Answer 57

Spleen Stomach Splenic Flexure Tail of Pancreas Left Kidney Left Supradrenal gland

Question 58

Organs in RLQ

Answer 58

Ascending Colon Appendix Cecum 2/3 of Ileum Ileocecal valve

Question 59

Organs in LLQ

Answer 59

Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon 2/3 of Jejunum

Question 60

What are the 9 body regions

Answer 60

1 - Right Hypochondriac 2 - Epigastric 3 - Left Hypochondriac 4 - Right Lateral 5 - Umbilical 6 - Left Lateral 7 - Right Inguinal 8 - Pubic 9 - Left Inguinal

Question 61

Why are decub abdomen xrays taken left lateral?

Answer 61

Because of stomach. Want free air going up.

Question 62

What part of the small intestine is "feathery" looking on x-ray?

Answer 62

Jejunum

Question 63

What is the romance of the abdomen?

Answer 63

Where the head of the pancreas and duodenum connect

Question 64

What organ produces insulin?

Answer 64

Pancreas

Question 65

What type of exam is done to visualize the urinary organs?

Answer 65

IVU (intravenous urogram) aka IVP (intravenous pyleogram)

Question 66

kVp for Abdomen is:

Answer 66

75-85

Question 67

Where are the right/left vertical planes located to create the 9 abdominal regions?

Answer 67

Midway between midsagittal and ASIS

Question 68

What are the horizontal planes to create the 9 abdominal regions? Where are they located?

Answer 68

Transpyloric - L1 Transtubercular - L5