Chapter 2 Flashcards
How many divisions is the chest (thorax) divided into? What are they?
3 sections - bony thorax, repsiratory system, mediastinum
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
Manubrium, body, and Xiphoid process
What are two landmarks in chest positioning?
Vertebra prominens
Jugular notch (suprasternum, maubrial notch)
What does the thoracic viscera consist of?
Heart, lungs, thymus gland, great vessels, trachea and esophagus
What is conidered the level of mid thorax?
T-7
What are the 4 divisons of the respiratory system?
Larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs
What happens when the diaphragm goes down?
Air is sucked into the lungs
What happens with the diaphragm goes up?
Pushes air out of the lungs
What is the pharynx?
A passage way for both food and air
What makes up the roof of the mouth?
Hard plate (palentine bone), soft plate, and uvula
Where is the larynx located?
Upper at C3 (hyoid bone)
Lower at C6
What forms the inferior and posterior wall of the larynx?
Cricoid cartilage
What is the trachea made from?
A fibrous muscular tube with about 20 c-shaped rings
What is the function of the c-rings around the trachea?
Keep the tube from collapsing during inspiration
What glands are located near the trachea?
Thyroid, parathyroid, and thymus
Function of thyroid gland
Releases hormones for regulation of body metabolism, body growth, development and activity of the nervous system
What is the maximum size of the thymus gland?
40 grams
Function of thymus gland
Aids in the functioning of certain body immune systems
When is the thymus gland the most prominent?
Infancy until age 4
How many sections is the bronchi divided into?
Right - 3
Left - 2
What is Carina?
The prominence at the lowest tracheal cartilage where it divides into the left and right bronchi
What is the flow of bronchi to alveoli?
Main bronchi
Bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
Alveoli
What happens in the alveoli?
O2 and CO2 exchange
How many lobes do the lungs have?
Right - 3
Left - 2
What material are the lungs made of?
Parenchyma
What is the double walled sac surrounding the lungs?
Pleura