the nervous tissue Flashcards
deals with normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system.
Neurology
neurons enclosed within skull
brain
bundles of many axons of neurons
nerves
connects to brain and enclosed
within spinal cavity
Spinal cord
groups of neuron cell bodies located outside of brain and spinal cord
Ganglia
a physician who diagnoses and treats disorders of the nervous system.
Neurologist
one of the smallest and yet the most complex of the 11 body systems
nervous system
(12 pairs) emerge from brain
cranial nerves
(31 pairs) emerge from spinal cord
Spinal nerves
networks in digestive tract
Enteric plexuses
monitor changes in internal or external environments
Sensory receptors
Functions of the Nervous system
Sensory (input)
Integration (process)
Motor activity (output)
Carry information into brain and spinal cord
Sensory
Analyzing and storing information to help lead to appropriate responses
Integration
awareness of sensory input
perception
Signals to muscles and glands (effectors)
Motor activity
Structural Classes of Neuron
Multipolar
Bipolar
Unipolar
Organization of the Nervous System
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Divisions of Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Somatic (SNS)
Autonomic (ANS) nervous systems
Enteric nervous system (ENS)
HISTOLOGY OF NERVOUS TISSUE
Two cell types
Neurons
Neuroglia cells
Parts of a Neuron
Cell body (perikaryon or soma)
Dendrites
Axon
Functional Classes of Neuron
Sensory (afferent)
Motor (efferent)
Interneurons (association neurons)
Neuroglia of the CNS (4 types)
Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia.
Ependymal cells
Structures of the Nervous System
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Ganglia
Enteric plexuses
Sensory receptors
nervous system have mass of _____ and total body weight of ______
2 kg (4.5 lb), about 3%
100 billion neurons
brain
100 millionneurons
spinal cord
> all nervous system structures outside of the CNS
-includes nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses, and sensory receptors
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
source of thoughts, emotions, and memories. and signals that stimulate muscles to contract and glands to secrete
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Can respond to stimuli and convert stimuli toelectrical signals (nerve impulses or actionpotentials) that travel along neurons
Neurons
support, nourish, and protect neurons
critical for homeostasis of interstitial fluid around neurons
continues to divide throughout an individual’s lifetime
Neuroglia cells
nucleus, cytoplasmwith typical organelles
Cell body