endocrine

Question 1

a molecule that is released in one part of the
body but regulates the activity and growth of cells in other
parts of the body.

Answer 1

Hormone

Question 2

Help regulate.
a. Chemical composition and volume of internal
environment (extracellular fluid).
b. Metabolism and energy balance.
c. Contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibes.
d. Glandular secretions.
e. Some immune system activities

Answer 2

Hormone

Question 3

Releases hormones
into interstitial fluid
→ blood → general
circulation.

Answer 3

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 4

Slower, long-lasting
responses as
hormones linger in
blood.

Answer 4

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Question 5

Neurons release
neurotransmitters at
synapses,
neuromuscular or
neuroglandular
junctions.

Answer 5

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 6

Rapid responses from
effectors.

Answer 6

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 7

Secretion enters
interstitial fluid and
then → bloodstream.

Answer 7

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Question 8

all
hormones such as
growth hormone,
insulin, adrenalin,
estrogen,
testosterone.

Answer 8

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

Question 9

Secrete substances
that enter ducts

Answer 9

EXOCRINE GLANDS

Question 10

mucus,
saliva, and other
digestive secretions,
sweat, tears

Answer 10

EXOCRINE GLANDS

Question 11

carried in blood stream

Answer 11

Hormones

Question 12

both a hormone & NT.

Answer 12

Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 13

• Serve as major link between nervous and endocrine
  systems.

Answer 13

HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY

Question 14

Two hormones that are then stored and released from the
posterior pituitary.

Answer 14

oxytocin and ADH – antidiuretic hormone

Question 15

attached to hypothalamus by stalk

Answer 15

Pituitary

Question 16

an enzyme that phosphorylates (adds a phosphate group to) other
cellular proteins (such as enzymes).

Answer 16

protein kinase

Question 17

SEVEN ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES

Answer 17

Human growth hormone (hGH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

Question 18

controls blood sugar level, regulates
metabolism, reduce inflammation, and assist with
memory formulation.

Answer 18

Cortisol

Question 19

3P’s of diabetes

Answer 19

Polyphagia – insatiable hunger.
Polyuria – excessive urination.
Polydipsia – excessive thirst.

Question 20

insatiable hunger

Answer 20

Polyphagia

Question 21

excessive urination

Answer 21

Polyuria

Question 22

excessive thirst

Answer 22

Polydipsia –

Question 23

Initiates and maintains milk production by mammary
glands.

Answer 23

PROLACTIN (PRL)

Question 24

dissolve bone → calcium release

Answer 24

Osteoclasts

Question 25

builds the bone

Answer 25

Osteoblast

Question 26

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Answer 26

Glycogenolysis

Question 27

build-up of glycogen from glucose

Answer 27

Glycogenesis

Question 28

build-up of glucose from non- carbohydrate precursors (e.g., lactic acid and certain amino acids)

Answer 28

Gluconeogenesis

Question 29

breakdown of glucose to produce energy (ATP).

Answer 29

Glycolysis

Question 30

on top of kidneys

Answer 30

ADRENAL GLANDS

Question 31

produces epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine.

Answer 31

Adrenal medulla

Question 32

promotes amino acid uptake, protein synthesis, and lipid storage.

Answer 32

Insulin

Question 33

* Produce gametes: sperm and oocytes. * Produce hormones.

Answer 33

GONADS: OVARIES AND TESTES

Question 34

facilitates birth process by causing softening and lengthening of the cervix and pubic symphysis. It also inhibits the contraction of the uterus and important in determining the timing of delivery.

Answer 34

Relaxin

Question 35

* Small gland attached to roof of third ventricle of brain. * Produces melatonin (regulates circadian rhythm). * Sets body’s biological clock.

Answer 35

PINEAL GLAND

Question 36

- Loss of negative feedback sensitivity so decline in circulating thyroid hormones. - PTH (parathyroid hormone) levels rise →loss of bone mass. - Less glucocorticoid production. - Slower release of insulin. - Thymus declines after puberty. - Ovarian response to gonadotropins stops. - Slow decline in testosterone production.

Answer 36

AGING

Question 37

an autoimmune disorder in which the person produces antibodies that mimic the action of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).

Answer 37

Grave’s disease

Question 38

enlarged thyroid gland. It may be associated with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or euthyroidism.

Answer 38

Goiter

Question 39

hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex.

Answer 39

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 40

hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and aldosterone causes.

Answer 40

Addison’s disease (chronic adrenocortical insufficiency)

Question 41

condition in which a hormone made by the placenta prevents the body from using insulin effectively.

Answer 41

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Question 42

diabetes arises not from a shortage of insulin but because target cells become less sensitive to it due to down-regulation of insulin receptors.

Answer 42

Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM – non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/adult onset)

Question 43

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus/juvenile onset) – person’s immune system destroys the pancreatic beta cells. The pancreas produces little or no insulin.

Answer 43

Type 1 diabetes (IDDM

Question 44

caused by an inability to produce or use insulin.

Answer 44

Diabetes mellitus