lymphatic system

Question 1

the ability to ward off damage or disease through ourdefenses

Answer 1

Immunity

Question 2

2 General Types of immunity

Answer 2

Innate Immunity
Adaptive Immunity

Question 3

Slower, specific & has a memory
adapts or adjusts to handle a specific microbe

Answer 3

Adaptive Immunity

Question 4

defenses that are present at birth
Fast, non-specific and no memory

Answer 4

Innate Immunity

Question 5

Lymphocytes

Answer 5

T-cells & B-cells

Question 6

Reticular connective tissue containing
lymphocytes

Answer 6

Lymphatic tissue

Question 7

Interstitial fluid in lymphatic vessels

Answer 7

Lymph

Question 8

FUNCTIONS of lymphatic system

Answer 8

Drains excess interstitial fluid
Transports dietary lipids. - lipid-soluble vitamins
(A, D, E, and K) absorbed by the GIT
Carries out immune responses.

Question 9

Defenses that are present at birth
Fast, non-specific and no memory

Answer 9

INNATE IMMUNITY

Question 10

Site for most immune responses occur in

Answer 10

Secondary organs

Question 11

Secondary organs

Answer 11

Lymph nodes
Spleen
Lymphatic nodules (follicles)

Question 12

Two lobed organ (bilobed)
Located in the mediastinum between the
sternum and the aorta

Answer 12

THYMUS

Question 13

From tissue to veins
Pumped by muscle & respiratory pumps like
venous return

Answer 13

LYMPHATIC FLOW

Question 14

Scattered throughout the body
Concentrated near mammary glands, axilla
&groinn Contain mature B-cells, T-cells,
dendritic cellsand macrophagesn Function as a
type of filter, trap foreign substancesq
macrophages destroy some foreignsubstances
by phagocytosisq lymphocytes destroy others by
immuneresponses

Answer 14

LYMPH NODES

Question 15

Site where stem cells divide & become
immunocompetent

Answer 15

PRIMARY LYMPHATIC ORGANS

Question 16

The spread of a disease from one part
of the body to another

Answer 16

Metastasis

Question 17

Four main types of antimicrobial substances

Answer 17

INTERFERONS
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
IRON-BINDING PROTEINS
ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES

Question 18

(alpha-, beta-, and gamma-IFN)
Interfere with viral reproduction in a cell

Answer 18

INTERFERONS

Question 19

Enhance other immune actions
Break cell membranes
Attract phagocytes
Tag microbial cells for destruction

Answer 19

COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

Question 20

Bind iron and starve bacteria

Answer 20

IRON-BINDING PROTEINS

Question 21

Lyse microbes

Answer 21

ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES

Question 22

Between stomach & diaphragm
Contains blood filled venous sinuses and RBCs,
macrophages, lymphocytes plasma cells &
granular leukocytes

Answer 22

SPLEEN

Question 23

SPLEEN Performs three functions related to blood cells namely;

Answer 23

1. Removal by macrophages of ruptured,
   worn out, or defective blood cells and
   platelets
2. Storage of platelets, up to one-third of
   the body’s supply
3. Production of blood cells (hemopoiesis)
   during fetal life

Question 24

Removal of the spleen

Answer 24

Splenectomy

Question 25

The spleen’s absence also places the patient at higher risk for _____________

Answer 25

sepsis (a blood infection)

Question 26

Crushing injury may result in a __________which causes significant hemorrhage and shock

Answer 26

ruptured spleen

Question 27

Specialized to ingest microbes and cellular debris (phagocytosis)

Answer 27

Phagocytes

Question 28

Two major types of phagocytes

Answer 28

○ Neutrophils ○ macrophages

Question 29

5-10% of lymphocytes =

Answer 29

Natural Killer (NK) Cells

Question 30

Present in lymph nodes & red bone marrow Destroy microbes & tumor cells

Answer 30

Natural Killer (NK)

Question 31

Perforin =

Answer 31

cytolysis

Question 32

Granzymes =

Answer 32

apoptosis

Question 33

a nonspecific, defensive response of the body to tissue damage

Answer 33

INFLAMMATION

Question 34

Four characteristic signs and symptoms of inflammation

Answer 34

○ Redness ○ Pain ○ Heat ○ Swelling

Question 35

Egg-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue that are not surrounded by a capsule Occur in multiple large aggregations in specific parts of the body Includes tonsils in the pharyngeal region and the aggregated lymphatic follicles (Peyer’s patches) in the ileum of the small intestine

Answer 35

LYMPHATIC NODULES

Question 36

strategically positioned to participate in immune responses against inhaled or ingested foreign substances

Answer 36

Tonsils

Question 37

Epidermal structure & constant shedding

Answer 37

Skin

Question 38

Sticky mucus layer straps microbes, etc. and cilia move it out

Answer 38

Mucous membranes

Question 38

Dilute and antibacterial action

Answer 38

Fluids

Question 39

flow of urine, defecation & vomiting

Answer 39

Movement

Question 40

a prime symptom of inflammation

Answer 40

Pain(dolor)

Question 41

The three stages of inflammation :

Answer 41

1. Vasodilation and increased permeability of blood vessels 2. Phagocyte emigration 3. Tissue repair

Question 42

Abnormally high body temperature Stimulated by many toxins or internal signals

Answer 42

FEVER

Question 43

Cytokine that plays a role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses to infections

Answer 43

Interleukin-1

Question 44

Distinguish adaptive from innate immunity Normally self–tolerant

Answer 44

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

Question 45

for particular foreign molecules(antigens)

Answer 45

Specificity

Question 46

for most previously encountered antigens

Answer 46

Memory

Question 47

Does not attack normal body tissue

Answer 47

Normally self–tolerant

Question 48

A rare inherited disorder in which both B cells and Tcells are missing or inactive

Answer 48

bubble boy disease

Question 49

hang around for years, give rapid response if the same antigen enters the body again in the future

Answer 49

Memory T cells

Question 50

kill cells Work against tumor cells transplanted cells & infected cells

Answer 50

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 51

Release IL2, attract phagocytes, stimulate macrophages & B cells

Answer 51

Helper T cells (CD4 T cells)

Question 52

Forms a clone of many recognizing cells

Answer 52

T-cell begins rapidly dividing

Question 53

ANTIBODY CLASS ACTIONS

Answer 53

Neutralizing antigen Immobilizing bacteria Agglutinating Activating complement Enhancing phagocytosis

Question 54

Long lasting antibodies & lymphocytes Many sensitive memory cells -> Much larger & quicker response next time = Secondary Response Primary response can be naturally acquired Or artificially acquired by vaccination

Answer 54

IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY

Question 54

a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex in association with the stress response, inhibits immune system activity

Answer 54

Cortisol

Question 55

Deals with communication pathways that link the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems

Answer 55

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

Question 56

decreased production of thymic hormones

Answer 56

Thymus atrophies

Question 57

Tend to produce more autoantibodies Fewer responsive T cells Thus poorer B cell response Poorer response to new infection

Answer 57

AGING

Question 58

produce & release antibodies that bind the antigen

Answer 58

Plasma cells