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HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the Digestive System

A

Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing and propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

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2
Q

eating

A

Ingestion

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3
Q

release of water, enzymes,
buffers

A

Secretion

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4
Q

movement along GI tract

A

Mixing and propulsion

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5
Q

breakdown of foods

A

Digestion

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6
Q

Digestion:
by movements of digestive organs

A

Mechanically

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7
Q

digestion:
by enzymes

A

Chemically

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8
Q

moving products of digestion into the body

A

Absorption

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9
Q

dumping waste products

A

Defecation

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10
Q

-A tube through which foods pass and where digestion and absorption occur.
- Includes: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

A

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

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11
Q

Organs of the Digestive System

A

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Accessory organs

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12
Q
  • Organs that help in digestion but through which
    food never passes.
  • Includes: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
A

Accessory organs

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13
Q

is an inflammation and enlargement of the parotid glands accompanied by moderate fever, malaise (general discomfort), and extreme pain in the throat, especially when swallowing sour foods or acidic juices.

A

Mumps

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14
Q

mumps virus that typically attacks the parotid glands.

A

paramyxo virus

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15
Q

a “3- in-1” vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.

A

Prophylaxis - MMR vaccine

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16
Q
  • Chewing mixes food with saliva
  • Rounds up food into a soft bolus for swallowing
A

Mechanical digestion

17
Q
  • Salivary amylase (enzyme) breaks down
    polysaccharides (starch) à maltose
  • Continues in the stomach for about an hour until acid inactivates amylase
A

Chemical digestion

18
Q
  • the stomach contents can reflux (back up) into the inferior portion of the esophagus.
A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

19
Q

Location: behind stomach
- Produces pancreatic juice in acinar cells
- Passes into duodenum via pancreatic duct

A

Pancreas

20
Q

Secretions that help digestion

A

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3): pH 7.1-8.2

21
Q

fat-digesting

A

Pancreatic lipase

22
Q

starch-digesting

A

Pancreatic amylase

23
Q

made in inactivated form

A

Proteases

24
Q
  • Polysaccharide stored in liver as glycogen
  • Converts glycogen, fructose, galactose, lactic acid, amino acids à glucose to ↑ blood glucose
A

Carbohydrate metabolism

25
Q

-Produces cholesterol, triglycerides; makes bile
-Makes lipoproteins for lipid transport

A

Lipid metabolism

26
Q

Remove NH2 from amino acids à ammonia
(NH3) à urea à to kidneys (urine)
- Synthesize most plasma proteins: albumin

A

Protein metabolism

27
Q

Liver Functions

A

Carbohydrate metabolism
Lipid metabolism
Protein metabolism
Removes many harmful substances from blood
Excretion of bilirubin
Stores fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK) and minerals (Fe, Cu)
Activates vitamin D

28
Q
  • Stretch of rectum wall > neural reflex > contraction of longitudinal muscle
  • Combined pressure + parasympathetic activity > relaxes internal anal sphincter
  • External anal sphincter is voluntary
  • Contraction of diaphragm and abdominal muscles aid defecation
A

Defecation reflex

29
Q

Phases of Digestion

A

cephalic,
gastric,
intestinal

30
Q

smell, sight, thought of food

A

Cephalic

31
Q

stretching, pH of stomach

A

Gastric

32
Q

intestinal hormones play key roles

A

Intestinal phase

33
Q

two major hormones secreted by the small intestine:

A

cholecystokinin
secretin

34
Q
  • Decreased GI secretion, motility, strength of responses
  • Loss of taste, increased risk for periodontal disease, difficulty swallowing, hiatal hernia, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease
  • Increased risk for gallbladder problems, cirrhosis of liver, pancreatitis, constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticulitis
A

Aging

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY (11 decks)

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