Digestive system

Question 1

Functions of the Digestive System

Answer 1

Ingestion
Secretion
Mixing and propulsion
Digestion
Absorption
Defecation

Question 2

eating

Answer 2

Ingestion

Question 3

release of water, enzymes,
buffers

Answer 3

Secretion

Question 4

movement along GI tract

Answer 4

Mixing and propulsion

Question 5

breakdown of foods

Answer 5

Digestion

Question 6

Digestion:
by movements of digestive organs

Answer 6

Mechanically

Question 7

digestion:
by enzymes

Answer 7

Chemically

Question 8

moving products of digestion into the body

Answer 8

Absorption

Question 9

dumping waste products

Answer 9

Defecation

Question 10

-A tube through which foods pass and where digestion and absorption occur.
- Includes: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Answer 10

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Question 11

Organs of the Digestive System

Answer 11

Gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Accessory organs

Question 12

• Organs that help in digestion but through which
  food never passes.
• Includes: teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Answer 12

Accessory organs

Question 13

is an inflammation and enlargement of the parotid glands accompanied by moderate fever, malaise (general discomfort), and extreme pain in the throat, especially when swallowing sour foods or acidic juices.

Answer 13

Mumps

Question 14

mumps virus that typically attacks the parotid glands.

Answer 14

paramyxo virus

Question 15

a “3- in-1” vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella.

Answer 15

Prophylaxis - MMR vaccine

Question 16

• Chewing mixes food with saliva
• Rounds up food into a soft bolus for swallowing

Answer 16

Mechanical digestion

Question 17

• Salivary amylase (enzyme) breaks down
  polysaccharides (starch) à maltose
• Continues in the stomach for about an hour until acid inactivates amylase

Answer 17

Chemical digestion

Question 18

• the stomach contents can reflux (back up) into the inferior portion of the esophagus.

Answer 18

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Question 19

Location: behind stomach
- Produces pancreatic juice in acinar cells
- Passes into duodenum via pancreatic duct

Answer 19

Pancreas

Question 20

Secretions that help digestion

Answer 20

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3): pH 7.1-8.2

Question 21

fat-digesting

Answer 21

Pancreatic lipase

Question 22

starch-digesting

Answer 22

Pancreatic amylase

Question 23

made in inactivated form

Answer 23

Proteases

Question 24

• Polysaccharide stored in liver as glycogen
• Converts glycogen, fructose, galactose, lactic acid, amino acids à glucose to ↑ blood glucose

Answer 24

Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 25

-Produces cholesterol, triglycerides; makes bile -Makes lipoproteins for lipid transport

Answer 25

Lipid metabolism

Question 26

Remove NH2 from amino acids à ammonia (NH3) à urea à to kidneys (urine) - Synthesize most plasma proteins: albumin

Answer 26

Protein metabolism

Question 27

Liver Functions

Answer 27

Carbohydrate metabolism Lipid metabolism Protein metabolism Removes many harmful substances from blood Excretion of bilirubin Stores fat-soluble vitamins (ADEK) and minerals (Fe, Cu) Activates vitamin D

Question 28

- Stretch of rectum wall > neural reflex > contraction of longitudinal muscle - Combined pressure + parasympathetic activity > relaxes internal anal sphincter - External anal sphincter is voluntary - Contraction of diaphragm and abdominal muscles aid defecation

Answer 28

Defecation reflex

Question 29

Phases of Digestion

Answer 29

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

Question 30

smell, sight, thought of food

Answer 30

Cephalic

Question 31

stretching, pH of stomach

Answer 31

Gastric

Question 32

intestinal hormones play key roles

Answer 32

Intestinal phase

Question 33

two major hormones secreted by the small intestine:

Answer 33

cholecystokinin secretin

Question 34

- Decreased GI secretion, motility, strength of responses - Loss of taste, increased risk for periodontal disease, difficulty swallowing, hiatal hernia, gastritis, peptic ulcer disease - Increased risk for gallbladder problems, cirrhosis of liver, pancreatitis, constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticulitis

Answer 34

Aging