Unit 4: Transoceanic Connection - 1450 to 1750 Flashcards
The magnetic compass was originally created for fortune telling in what country?
China
The astrolable allowed sailors to determine how far they were from what?
The equator
The caravel was developed in Portugal in the 15th century. What was it?
A small, three-masted ship
What did the caravel allow sailors to survive?
storms
What is cartography?
mapmaking
What are primogeniture laws?
Laws that give inheritance of estates to the eldest sons
European traders purchased what from the Americas?
Sugar, tobacco, and rum
European traders purchased what from Africa?
People
What five European countries became maritime empires based on trade?
- Spain
- Portugal
- Great Britain
- France
- Holland
European traders purchased what from Asia?
Silk, spices, and rhubarb
Prince Henry the Navigator was Portuguese prince who did what?
Prince Henry financed expeidtions to Africa’s Atlantic Coast and along the Cape of Good Hope, allowing Portuguese sailors to epxlore tehse places before other Europeans.
An astronomical chart helped sailors do what?
Determine their location based on the stars.
Ships were easier to control and moved better because of development of what piece of marine technology?
The rudder
The compass was discovered in the 12th century in what two areas of the world?
- Europe
- China
What shape is a lateen sail?
A triangle
What could a lateen sail do that made it very useful for sailors?
A lateen sail could catch the wind from either side of the ship.
A carrack, a Portuguese ship 150 feet long and equiped with a square and lateen sail on 3-4 masts, was used for what purpose?
Trade
A caravel, a Portuguese and Spanish ship 75 feet long with lateen sails on 2 or 3 masts, was used for what purpose?
Long voyages at great speed
A fluyt, a Dutch ship 80 feet long and equipped with square sales on 2-3- masts, was used for what purpose?
Trade
What was the one area of the world not really affected by progress in navigation techniques from the 15th to the 17th centuries?
Polynesia
In North Africa and trading cities along Africa’s east coast, what spread rapidly as the result of merchants and the Abassid Empire?
Islam
Peter the Great visited Western Europe in 1697 to observe what?
Military and naval technology
Christopher Columbus, credited with discovering the New World in 1492, was able to so because of the support of what two monarchs?
Spanish monarchs Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand
Gaining wealth was one motivator for European exploration and expansion, but what was another big motivator?
Conversion to religion
The theory of mercantilism meant a country had what two goals?
- Sell as many goods as possible to other countries to maximize the amount of gold and silver coming into the country
- Buy as few goods as possible from other countries to minimize the amount of gold and silver going out of the country.
Portugal was a small country, surrounded by Spanish kingdoms. This meant expansion required movement in what direction?
Overseas
Three people were instrumental in Portuguese exploration. Who were they?
- Prince Henry the Navigator
- Barthomew Diaz
- Vaco A Gama
Where did Bartholomew Diaz sail?
Around the southern tip of Africa - the Cape of Good Hope but he turned around because he was afraid of mutiny.
Where did Vasco De Gama sail?
Around the southern tip of Africa - the Cape of Good Hope all the way to India, claiming ports in the area for the Kingdom of Portugal.
Under Prince Henry the Navigator, what started being imported by sea into Portugal instead of by land?
slaves
China’s exploration of the outside world came to an end in the 1430s with the final voyage of which Chinese explorer?
Zheng He
China wasn’t alone for too long. In 1514, Portuguese traders arrived in China. After the traders arrived, who came next?
Catholic priest missionairies
Portugal had a trading post empire, which was an empire based on what instead of large areas of land?
A trading post empire was based on small outposts in remote locations, creating control over markets.
Portugal was small kingdom and its merchants didn’t always obey its rulers. Because of its weakness, what country was able to capture Portugal’s outpost in Malacca?
Holland (The Dutch)
The Chinese weren’t too impressed with Catholic missionaires, but Portuguese Catholic missionaires were able to gain a lot of converts in which nearby country?
Japan
Did Japanese rulers allow Catholocism to stick around Japan?
Nope. Japanese rulers expelled missionaries and outlawed Catholocisim in the 16th century.
What country’s ships were the first to circumnavigate the globe?
Spain
What sailor’s voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan, even though he died on the voyage in the Phillipines.
When Magellan’s fleet arrived in the Phillipines in 1521, they annexed the islands for Spain. When Spain returned in 1565 to claim its land, how did the Filipinos react?
They put up a HUGE resistance.
What city in the Phillipines became a Spanish commerical center, attracting Chinese merchants?
Manila
European interest in the Americas was rekindled when explorers came into contact with two major empires?
- The Incas in South America
- The Aztecs in mesoamerica.
What country was especially excited about silver from the Americas?
China
French, English and Dutch explorers all tried to find a route through or around North America that would lead to East Asia. What was this fabled but nonexistent route called?
The Northwest Passage
Looking for the Northwest Passage, French explorer Jacques Cartier sailed from France to the St. Lawrence river along the northern border of what is now the United States. He didn’t find the Nortwest Passage, but he did managed to claim what for France?
Land that is now part of Canada