8.3 Effects of the Cold War

Question 1

Proxy wars

Answer 1

When a major power fosters conflict between other countries but does always fight directly in the resulting war.

Question 2

Where are some places the superpowers had proxy wars during the Cold War?

Answer 2

Korea
Vietnam
Cuba
Angola
Lots of Central American countries

Question 3

Berlin Airlift

Answer 3

When the Soviets blockaded the western zones of Berlin to prevent movement of supplies by land, the Allies flew supplies in by air.

Question 4

When A LOT of people in the eastern, communist parts of Berlin left for the western side of Berlin, what did the East German and Soviet governments do?

Answer 4

They built a wall in 1961. If you were caught trying to escape, you got shot.

Question 5

What happened to Germany after the Soviet Blockade ended?

Answer 5

It split in half. West German became the Federal Republic of Germany, a mostly democratic, capitalist country. East Germany became the German Democratic Republic - a communist, not exactly democratic country.

Question 6

NATO

Answer 6

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Question 7

What year was NATO founded?

Answer 7

1949

Question 8

Western countries joined NATO to coordinate their defenses in case of a conflict with what country?

Answer 8

The Soviet Union

Question 9

What was the Soviet Union’s response to NATO?

Answer 9

the Warsaw Pact

Question 10

What was the “communist bloc”?

Answer 10

Communist countries belonging to the Warsaw Pact

Question 11

Two countries had communist governments but did not submit to Soviet control or join the Warsaw Pact. What were they?

Answer 11

1. Albania
2. Yugoslavia

Question 12

SEATO

Answer 12

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization - an alliance between U.K., Australia, NZ, Pakistan, Phillipines and the U.S. to stop the spread of communism into Southeast Asia

Question 13

CENTO

Answer 13

Central Treaty Organization - an alliance between Great Britain, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Turkey to prevent the spread of Communism into the Middle East

Question 14

How did the Korean War begin?

Answer 14

North Korea invaded South Korea in an attempt to reunite the country under its leadership.

Question 15

Who led the United States troops in South Korea?

Answer 15

General Douglas MacArthur

Question 16

What was the end result of the Korean War?

Answer 16

Stalemate. Three years of fighting and four million civilian and military deaths later, the two parts of Korea remained divided with a demilitarized zone in between.

Question 17

Why did U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower first send military advisors to South Vietnam to train the South Vietmanese army to prevent a communist takeover of Vietnam?

Answer 17

He was following the Truman policy of containment.

Question 18

Why did the United States keep escalating the amount of troops it was sending to Vietnam?

Answer 18

U.S. prestige around the world and the domino theory.

Question 19

Lyndon Johnson believed in the domino theory for Southeast Asia. What was he worried would happen if one country in Southeast Asia became communist?

Answer 19

Other Southeast Asian countries would follow and China and the Soviet Union would control Southeast Asia.

Question 20

In 1960, who took over rule of Cuba?

Answer 20

Fidel Castro and communist revolutionaries.

Question 21

Why was U.S. President John F. Kennedy especially concerned about Cuba becoming a communist country?

Answer 21

It is 90 miles off of the coast of Florida.

Question 22

What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

Answer 22

Cuban exiles wanted to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro.
JFK supported this but it ended up being a massive fail, cementing the alliance between Cuba and the Soviet Union.

Question 23

How did Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev respond to the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

Answer 23

He shipped nuclear missiles to Cuba.

Question 24

Did the United States have any nuclear missles close to the Soviet Union?

Answer 24

Yes. In the summer of 1961, the United States placed nuclear missles in Turkey, a U.S. ally that shared a border with the Soviet Union.

Question 25

When Kennedy found out more missles were being shipped to Cuba in 1962, what did he do?

Answer 25

Kennedy ordered the U.S. Navy to form a blockade and prevent their delivery. He called the blockade a quarantine because “blockade” is considered to be an act of war.

Question 26

How did the Cuban Missile Crisis resolve?

Answer 26

Kruschev ordered the Soviet ships to come back. The United States removed its nuclear missles from Turkey.

Question 27

the Hot Line

Answer 27

a direct line between U.S. and Soviet leaderts for communication between the countries.

Question 28

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

Answer 28

Signed by the U.S., U.S.S.R. and over 100 other countries, the agreement outlawed testing nuclear weapons above ground, underwater, and in space.

Question 29

What two countries notably did not sign the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty?

Answer 29

France
China

Question 30

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968

Answer 30

This treaty called on nuclear powers to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to countries without nuclear weapons.

Question 31

When Angola finally achieved independence in 1975, why was there so much enthic conflict in this southwestern African country?

Answer 31

The borders were made up by European colonial powers. The people inside were mostly made up of three distinct cultural groups and each one wanted control of the country’s lucrative diamond mines.

Question 32

Why was the civil war in Angola also a proxy war?

Answer 32

U.S. supported the Bangkogo tribe
U.S.S.R supported the Mbundu tribe
South Africa supported the Ovimbundu tribe.

Question 33

Where was the Contra War?

Answer 33

Nicaragua

Question 34

When the Sandinastas took over control of Nicaragua in 1979, why were they opposed by the United States?

Answer 34

The Sandinistas called themselves socialists.

Question 35

Two years after the Sandinistas took over Nicaragua, their conservative opponents started a civil war. What did these opponents call themselves?

Answer 35

Contras

Question 36

Who did the United States support in the Contra War?

Answer 36

Contras

Question 37

What did the antinuclear weapons movement oppose?

Answer 37

The creation, buildup, and possible use of nuclear weapons.

Question 38

What was the name of the Soviet premier who took power after Joseph Stalin died?

Answer 38

Nikita Kruschev