5.8 Reactions to the Industrial Economy

Question 1

Labor Unions

Answer 1

Organizations of workers that bargain with employers for workers and put the results of bargaining into contracts.

Question 2

Child Labor Reform in Britain

Answer 2

1843 - Children under 10 cannot work in coal mines.
1881- Education for children between agest of 5 and 10 is mandatory

Question 3

Expansion of Voting Rights in Britain

Answer 3

1918 - All men can vote, regardless of property ownership
1928 - all women can vote

Question 6

John Stuart Mill

Answer 6

A British philosopher who championed legal reforms to allow labor unions, limit child labor, and ensure safe working conditions. His ideas were controversial at the time, but they are now widely adopted in most industrialized nations.

Question 7

Utilitarianism

Answer 7

Philosophy seeking the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. John Stuart Mill advocated for this philosophy. It became instrumental in reforming working conditions in the 1800s.

Question 8

Karl Marx

Answer 8

German scholar who advocated “scientific socialism”. Thought capitalism was advanced feudalism, dividing society into two classes:
proletariat - working class people working for businesses with low compensation
bourgeoisie - middle class and investors who own the means of production
Marx wanted socialism to repace capitalism.

Question 9

Sultan Mahmud II

Answer 9

• Reforming emperor of the Ottoman Empire.
• Abolished Janissaires and fuedal system (1826-1831)
• Stopped direct tax collection by military officers

Question 10

Tanzimat

Answer 10

Reforms of the Ottoman Empire
* sultans created secular education system.
* created new laws making it easier for foreigners to do business in the Ottoman Empire
* Hatt-i Humayun, the Ottoman Reform Edict

Question 11

Hatt-i Humayun, the Ottoman Reform Edict, regulated the millets. What were the millets?

Answer 11

Separate religious courts established by different religions communities.
Christians in the Balkans had their own courts.
Muslims had their own courts.
Neither liked reformed of the millets, because they felt their religious values were being compromised.

Question 12

Who were “The Young Turks”

Answer 12

Turkish reformers exiled by Sultan Abdulhamid in the late 1800s.

Question 13

Why was Sultan Abdulhamid known as “The Red Sultan”?

Answer 13

HIs government whipped up angery for minority groups. Between 1894 and 1896, over 100,000 to 250,000 Armenians were killed in the Hamidian massacres.

Question 14

The Self-Strengthening Movement

Answer 14

The 19th century Chinese government’s plan for dealing with its external and internal problems.

Question 15

Emperor Guangxu’s Hundred Days of Reform made what reforms in China?

Answer 15

• Abolition of the outdated civil service exam
• eliminate of corruption
• establishment of Western-style industrial, commerical, and medical system.

Question 16

Empress Dowager Cixi

Answer 16

The conservative aunt of Emperor Guangxu who had him imprisoned and repealed his reform edicts.

Question 17

Despite Cixi’s opposition to reforms, China continued to modernize with foreign aid. Weakened by internal issues and encroachment by Japan, China accepted territorial protection from who?

Answer 17

Western Powers - mostly the United States

Question 18

Genros

Answer 18

Former Japanese samurais who became elder statesmen after the Japanese government dissolved their position in 1871.

Question 19

Bushido

Answer 19

A Japanese samurai’s code of conduct.