6.3 Indigenous Responses to State Expansion

Question 1

Regions in the Balkan Peninsula all rebelled against which empire?

Answer 1

The Ottoman Empire

Question 2

the Proclamation of 1763

Answer 2

A British proclamation that all of the land between the Applachian Mountains and the Mississippi River was reserved for indigenous peoples.Q

Question 3

the Cherokee Nation

Answer 3

A large tribe of Natie Americans who assimilated white settler culture. The tribe quickly became literate and published the first Native American newspaper in the United States - Cherokee Phoenix

Question 4

Indian Removal Act

Answer 4

A U.S. law passed after gold was discovered in Georgia, the Cherokee’s native land. The Cherokee and other Southeast Native Americans were forced to leave the homes and move to Oklahoma.

Question 5

The Ghost Dance

Answer 5

A Native American dance performed to hasten the return of Native American dead who would come and drive out the white settlers.

Question 6

Túpac Amaru II

Answer 6

Descended from the last Inca ruler, Túpac Amaru led the last general revolt of native peoples against Spain. The revolt spread across Peru, Bolvia and into Argentina before Amaru was captured.

Question 7

Benito Juárez

Answer 7

A liberal, elected Mexican president who was overthrown by Mexican conservatives with help from the French government.

Question 8

Archduke Maximillian

Answer 8

The “Emperor of Mexico” made the ruler of Mexico for three years before Mexicans forced the French out of Mexico. Once Maximillian was gone, Benito Juarez was returned to power.

Question 9

Sepoys

Answer 9

Indian soldiers under British employ who were almost entirely Hindu or Muslim

Question 10

The Sepoy Mutiny or Indian Rebellion of 1857

Answer 10

An uprising of Sepoy soliders, angry about their religious values being disregarded (among other things) that was smashed by the British, killing thousands. The rebellion, however, stoked the flames of Indian nationalism.

Question 11

The British Raj

Answer 11

The Indian colonial government that took orders directly from the British government in London.

Question 12

Indian National Congress

Answer 12

Formed in 1885, this was originally a forum for natives complaints against the colonial government but quickly it began to call for self-rule

Question 13

José Rizal

Answer 13

Filipino activitst who called for reform. Although he was loyal to Spain, the Spanish feared his writings enough to capture and execute him.

Question 14

Phillipine Revolution

Answer 14

In 1896, several revolts broke out across Manila, beginning the Phillipine Revolution.

Question 15

After the U.S. won the Spanish American war, did the Phillipines gain independence?

Answer 15

No. The Treaty of Paris just transferred control over the Phillipines from Spain to the U.S.

Question 16

The Phillipine-American War

Answer 16

After the Treaty of Paris transferred control of the Phillipines to the United States, Filipinos fought against their new colonizer. By the time the United States declared victory in 1902, over 200,000 Filipino civilians and 20,000 Filipino troops were dead. Around 4,300 Americans lost their lives in this war, but about 2/3 of these died from disease, not combat.

Question 17

Is the Australian Aboroginal culture old?

Answer 17

Many historians and anthropologists believe this is the oldest suriving culture on Earth.

Question 18

Who were the Maori

Answer 18

The Maori were the people present in New Zealand when the British arrived. They were not Aboriginal, having come from the Polynesia, but they had been their since the 14th century.

Question 19

Treaty of Waitangi

Answer 19

A treaty between the British and the Maori. Britain promised to protect the property rights of the Maori. Britain and settlers violated this treaty hundred and hundreds of times, giving rise to the Maori Wars.

Question 20

By 1900, what was the status of Maori land ownership in New Zealand

Answer 20

After decades of fighting and British pressure, the Maori had lost most of their land.

Question 21

Pan-Africanism

Answer 21

Pan-Africanism is the idea that peoples of African descent have shared identities and common interests.

Question 22

Usman dan Fodio

Answer 22

A Mulsim intellectual who believed the Hausa tribes in West Africa should practice a purified form of Islam without syncretic mixing of traditional religious practices.

Question 23

Sokoto Caliphate

Answer 23

Caliphate created by Usman dan Fodio in the town of Sokoto. Established a slave trade at a time when the British were trying to stop it.

Question 24

Xhosa people

Answer 24

Native Africans in South Africa who did not want to be ruled by Europeans. Destroyed 400,000 head of cattle to get the spirits to remove the British from their lands. The cattle death caused famine and the death of thousands of Xhosa, but the British remained.

Question 25

Zulu Kingdom

Answer 25

A well-organized African state on the eastern side of South Africa. Succeeded in fighting off the British at first, but eventually Britain won and colonized this part of Africa.

Question 26

Samory Touré

Answer 26

A Mande chieftan who led warriors to establish a powerful kingdom in West Africa in the 1868. Fought off the French, settled with them for a while, but eventually was captured and exiled when he tried to reestablish his kingdom in the Ivory Coast.

Question 27

Muhammad Ahmad

Answer 27

Fought against against the British and Egyptians in Sudan. Considered himself the “Mahdi” or guided one who would restore the glory of Islam in the region.

Question 28

Yaa Asantewaa War

Answer 28

The fifth and final attempt of the British to subjugate the Asante Empire in West Africa. Yaa Asantewaa was a warrior queen who led the rebellion. When Britain won in 1900, the Asante Empire part of Britain’s Gold Coast colony.

Question 29

Did Mahdis keep Britain and Egyptians out of Sudan?

Answer 29

While Muhammad Ahmad was alive, yester, but after Ahmad’s death, the movement fell apart and Britain was able to defeat the weakend Mahdists.