6.2 State Expansion

Question 1

Quinine

Answer 1

A medication that treats malaria. Discovery of quinine reduced the danger of living warm, humid climates.

Question 2

corvée laborers

Answer 2

Unpaid laborers who worked road construction projects as a form of taxation. When the Suez Canal was constructed, thousands of corvée laborers lost their lives.

Question 3

Suez Canal

Answer 3

A 100 mile long canal constructed to connect the Mediterranean and Red Sea, avoiding a trip around the entire continent of Africa.

Question 4

Sierra Leone

Answer 4

A British colony established for freed slaves from the British Empire.

Question 5

In 1830, the French drove the Ottoman Empire out of Algeria and made it a settler colony. What is a settler colony?

Answer 5

A settler colony is a colony where foreign settlers move to and permanently reside in their non-native land in order to strengthen the dominance of a colonial power. In Algeria, French and other European immigrants made Algeria, an African country, their new home.

Question 6

What was the “Scramble for Africa”?

Answer 6

A competition between European countries to colonize parts of Africa.

Question 7

The Berlin Conference

Answer 7

A meeting arranged by Otto von Bismarck for European leaders to meet and agree upon the division of Africa for colonizers.

Question 8

During the Napoleonic Wars, who replaced the Dutch in Cape Colony?

Answer 8

The British

Question 9

The Boer Wars

Answer 9

Between 1880-1881 and 1899-1902, the British Army and the former Dutch settlers along with Africans foought over African land. The British won. The losers were sent to concentration camps where living conditions were so awful many people died of starvation. While the white people suffering in concentration camps received some attention and improvement, black people interred in the camps were doomed to starvation in horrible conditions. About 15 percent of black people died in South African concentration camps.

Question 10

King Leopold II of Belgium oversaw the invasion and pacification of what area of Africa?

Answer 10

The Congo in Central Africa

Question 11

What was the difference between the colonial structure of The Congo vs. other African colonies?

Answer 11

King Leopold personally owned the entire colony. He used Belgian officials to exploit the people and the resources of the Congo Free State, stealing almost 1.1 billion dollars from this area and its people.

Question 12

By 1900, only two African countries had not been colonized by European powers. What were they?

Answer 12

Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia)
Liberia - a country founded by former U.S. slaves. Because the U.S. helped Liberia, it could not be colonized by European powers.

Question 13

The Seven Years War drove what country out of India?

Answer 13

France

Question 14

England’s East India Company had taken over the rule of most of India by 1857, taking the land from what empire?

Answer 14

The Mughal Empire

Question 15

Spheres of Influence in China

Answer 15

China maintained independent rule but European nations carved out exclusive trading rights and access to natural resources within China.

Question 16

The Taiping Rebellion was started by who?

Answer 16

Civil servant applicant Hong Xiuquan and starving peasants, wokers and miners who wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty.

Question 17

Who helped the Quing Dynasty beat the rebels in the Taiping Rebellion?

Answer 17

Warlords
Britain
France

Question 18

What was the Boxer Rebellion?

Answer 18

An anti-imperialist rebellion against foreign powers. The dowager empress Cixi ordrered that all foreigners be killed.

Question 19

Who won the Boxer Rebellion?

Answer 19

Foreign powers prevailed in the Boxer Rebellion. About 100,000 Chinese Christians died. Around 200-250 foreigners died. The Chinese defeat severely harmed the Qing Dynasty.

Question 20

Colonization Society

Answer 20

Japanese leaders formed plans to set up their own colonies. Colonies were setup in parts of China, Korea, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands that lasted until the end of WWII. Japan also wanted to colonize Mexico and parts of Latin America, but this did not happen.

Question 21

When the Dutch India Company went bankrupt, who took over the colonies they controlled?

Answer 21

The Dutch government

Question 22

By the late 1890’s, France controlled Cambodia, Laos and all of modern-day Vietnam. What was this area called?

Answer 22

Indochina

Question 23

The British controlled the Malay Peninsula, Burma, and northern Borneo. What valuable cash crop did this area produce?

Answer 23

Rubber

Question 24

Only one Southeast Asian country managed to escape 19th century European colonialism. What country was it?

Answer 24

Siam (modern day Thailand)

Question 25

Australia was originally what type of colony?

Answer 25

A penal colony

Question 26

The Treaty of Waitangi guaranteed the indigenous of people of New Zealand?

Answer 26

The treaty made New Zealand its own colony and the Maori inhabitants would be protected by the British Crown. This didn’t really happen though, and war broke out as the British encroached on Maori lands.

Question 27

What was the Trail of Tears?

Answer 27

The Trail of Tears was the forced migration of Native Americans from the Southeast to the Oklahoma terrirotry. Many Native Americans died of hunger, exposure, disease, and exhaustion.

Question 28

The Monroe Doctorine

Answer 28

President James Monroe said European nations should not intervene in the affairs of countries in the Western Hemisphere. It holds that any intervention in the political affairs of the Americas by foreign powers is a potentially hostile act against the United States.

Question 29

Manifest Destiny

Answer 29

American settlers believed they had a natural and inevitable right to expand across the United States from the East Coast to the Pacific Ocean.

Question 30

Who won the Spanish American War?

Answer 30

The United States

Question 31

The Roosevelt Corollary

Answer 31

Theodore added to the Monroe Doctorine, stated that if countries in Latin America demonstrated “instability”, the United States wqould intervene.

Question 32

In 1867, which country sold Alaska to the United States?

Answer 32

Russia

Question 33

The Great Game

Answer 33

A rivalry between the Russian and British Empires over Afghanistan and its control.