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A.P. World History > 4.5 through 4.8 > Flashcards

4.5 through 4.8 Flashcards

1
Q

Between 1450 and 1750, Western European countries made significant advances in sea travel. One of the primary reasons driving this progress was Western European countries desire to find what?

A

A sea route to Asia.

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2
Q

Capital

A

Material wealth available to produce more wealth.

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3
Q

Commerical Revolution

A

The transformation to a trade-based economy using gold and silver.

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4
Q

Price Revolution

A

The high right of inflation, or general rise in prices in the 16th and 17th centuries.

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5
Q

Joint-stock companies

A

Companies owened by the investors who bought stock or shares in them.

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6
Q

Limited liability stock based companies protected investors from

A

A company’s debts or other liabilities beyond the amount of an investor’s intial investment

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7
Q

The Dutch, English and French all had joint-stock based companies in the 17th century but in Spain and Portugal, explorers were typically funded by

A

The government

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8
Q

Where did the Dutch East India Company make most of its profits

A

The Spice Islands and Southeast Asia

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9
Q

What features of Dutch ships gave the Dutch an advantage at trade?

A

The ships were were faster and lighter than the shps of their rivals.

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10
Q

What three areas of the world were involved in triangular trade?

A

Europe, Africa, the Americas

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11
Q

What country defeated Songhai Empire in 1590 at Gao?

A

Moroccco

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12
Q

What is a monopoly?

A

When a merchant, joint-stock cmopany or government has the exclusive right to trade of a product or an industry

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13
Q

What are two African societies involved with raiding and capturing slaves for European buyers?

A
  1. Dahomey 2. Oyo
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14
Q

More than two-thirds of Africans taken for slave trade were male. What was the effect on marriages in West Africa?

A

An increase in polygyny - multiple women married to one man.

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15
Q

Viceroys in the Americas

A

Viceroys were Spanish appointed administrators in the Americas who were supposed to represent the interests of the crown.

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16
Q

Audencias

A

Royal courts established for appealing the decisions fo Viceroys.

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17
Q

Creoles

A

Inviduduals born the Americas who were descended from Spanish blood.

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18
Q

Santeria

A

A syncretic faith blending Catholocisim with African faith practices.

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19
Q

Vodun

A

A syncretic faith blending Christianity with religious beliefs of enslaved African peoples living in Haiti.

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20
Q

Candomble

A

A synredtic faith developed in Brazil blending Christianity with beliefs of enslaved Yoruba, Fon, and Bantu peoples.

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21
Q

Due in part to several Catholic missionairies being sent to Latin America, the predominant religion of these areas became what religion?

A

Roman Catholocisim

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22
Q

What was the Virgin of Guadalupe cult?

A

A cult developed around the dark complexioned saint developed in Mexico.

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23
Q

The Fronde

A

Civil disturbances ocurring in France between 1648 and 1653 that attempted to curb growing royal power.

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24
Q

Metacom’s War

A

English colonist used underhanded tactics to gain control of Native Ameircan lands.

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25
Q

In 1624, who became the ruler of Ndongo in south-central Africa?

A

Ana Nzinga

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26
Q

To protect its citizens from slave raids and other countries, Ndongo became alies with what country?

A

Portugal

27
Q

Whenthe alliance with Portugal broke down and Anna Nzinga fled west to Matamba, she allied her subjects with what country?

A

The Dutch

28
Q

Where did the Cossacks live?

A

The Cossacks lived Southwest of Mosco, near the Black Sea

29
Q

Yemelyan Pugachev

A

Began a peasant rebellion against Catherine the Great in 1774 for giving nobility over the serfs to gain allegiance from the Russian nobility.

30
Q

The Maratha Empire

A

The Maratha Empire was created by Hindu warriors who fought against muslim control

31
Q

The Glorious Revolution strenghthed the power of what British government body?

A

Parliament

32
Q

Who was the last Catholic King of Britain

A

King James II

33
Q

Gloucester County Rebellion

A

The first recorded slave revolt in what is now the United States

34
Q

Maroon Wars

A

Slaves in the Caribbean and former Spanish territories of the United States fought to gain their freedom.

35
Q

Queen Nanny

A

An escaped Jamaican slave who united all the maroons on the island and led them to revolt against their owners and form independent settlements.

36
Q

Jews were expelled from most major European countries between 1290 to 1492. Where they find refuge?

A

Sultan Mehmed II invited them to live in Istanbul in the the Ottoman Empire

37
Q

Viziers

A

Strong advisors who spoke for the sultan in the Ottoman Empire.

38
Q

Timar

A

In the Ottoman Empire, timar was a system where the Sultan granted land or tax revenue to those he favored to keep them loyal.

39
Q

Even though Jews were invited to live in the Ottoman Empire, they were not given the same rights as Muslims. What were some off the restrictions.

A
  1. They had to pay a special tax imposed on non-Muslims. 2. they could only liven in certain neighborhoods in cities. 3. They could not hold top positions.
40
Q

Harem politics

A

When powerful wives and concubines vied to have their own children promoted to the throne.

41
Q

Barbary Pirates

A

Pirates who sailed the waters along North Africa and the Barbary Coast. They kidnapped Europeans and sold them to the Sultan or “pressed” them into service in the navy.

42
Q

What part of China did the founders of the Qing Dynasty come from?

A

Manchuria

43
Q

The Qing Dynasty ruled from 1644 to what year?

A

1912

44
Q

The Qing Dynasty were Manchu people. What ethnic group were the Chinese people they ruled over?

A

Han Chinese

45
Q

Queue

A

A braided pigtail hairstyle worn by the Manchus. This hairstyle was required to be worn by all men, including Han Chinese. This requirement was at odds with Confucianism and was a humiliating reminder for the Han Chinese who was boss. A man who refused to weart the Queue hairstyle could be executed.

46
Q

Li Chengddong and Liu Lianzuo

A

Han Chinese defectors who helped Qing officials carry out massacres of Han cities who refuesed to assimilate.

47
Q

In England, large landowners controlled what?

A

Parliament

48
Q

Louis XIV believed in his divine right to rule. He said, “I am the state.” Frederick of Prussia was very different however, What did he say?

A

“I am the state.”

49
Q

Sephardic Jews

A

Jews that can trace their ancestry back to Spain.

50
Q

Ashkenazi Jews

A

Jews that can trace their ancestry back to Eastern Europe.

51
Q

In the 17th century, under the influence of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightment, prejudice against Jews…

A

Declined

52
Q

After Ivan IV defeated the boyars at Novgorod, what did he do?

A

seized their lands and forced them to move to Mosco

53
Q

What was the order of the casta system in Latin America?

A
  1. Peninsulares - persons born in Europe 2. Criollos - persons of Spanish descent born in the Americas 3. Castas - persons of mixed-race ancestry 3a. Mestizos - mixed European and Indigenous person ancestory 3b. Mulattoes - mixed African and European ancestry 3c. Zambos mixed African and indigenous person ancestry
54
Q

When was a person’s casta assigned?

A

At baptism

55
Q

Roxelana

A

A European girl, kidnapped for the Sultan’s Harem. Eventually, she would rise to influential position in the Ottoman government. Her son would becoem Sultan.

56
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

The biological exchange of crops, animals, people, and diseases bettween the Eastern and Western Hemispheres

57
Q

European domination of global trade came at the expense of who?

A

Arab, Indian, and Chinese merchants

58
Q

In the 16th Century, Mercantilism gave way to what economic system?

A

Capitalism

59
Q

In the 17th century, the increased flow of silver and gold to Europe caused what?

A

inflation

60
Q

People being stolen for slavery caused a population decline in Africa. What evenually caused the African population to increase?

A

Manioc and other crops brought over from the Americas.

61
Q

Prior to the 16th century, slaves were largely traded from where to where?

A

East Africa to the Middle East

62
Q

Slave trade from East Africa to the Middle East was largely women were intended to be used for what?

A

Harems as status symbols or domestic servants.

63
Q

What type of Islam did the Safavid Empire practice?

A

Shi’ia Islam

A.P. World History (54 decks)

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