1440s Flashcards
(29 cards)
What position did Richard of York hold from 1440 to 1445?
Richard of York served as Lieutenant of France, a vital military and political post.
What significant treaty was signed in 1444?
The Treaty of Tours was signed, which included the marriage between Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou.
What was the secret clause of the Treaty of Tours?
The secret clause involved the surrender of Maine to France, which was not publicly admitted at the time.
When did Margaret arrive in England and how old was she?
Margaret arrived in England in 1445, aged 15.
Which faction did Margaret align with upon her arrival?
Margaret formed part of the pro-peace faction, aligned with Suffolk and later Somerset.
How was Richard of York perceived by critics?
York was seen as foreign, French, and a spender by critics.
Who replaced Richard of York as Lieutenant of France in 1445?
Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, replaced York as Lieutenant of France.
What happened to York in 1447?
York was sent to Ireland, viewed by many as exile rather than honour.
What was York’s governing status in Ireland?
York was permitted to govern through a deputy but was still sidelined.
What was the public sentiment in England from 1445 to 1449?
There was growing dissatisfaction in England with foreign policy and corruption at court.
What significant event occurred in February 1447?
The death of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, Henry VI’s uncle and heir, occurred.
What was the public perception of Humphrey’s death?
His death was widely seen as a political assassination.
What power shift occurred after Humphrey’s death?
A power vacuum was created, and York became the heir presumptive.
What was York’s bloodline claim to the throne?
York was descended from Lionel, Duke of Clarence (through his mother Anne Mortimer), giving him a stronger theoretical claim than Henry VI.
What position was York appointed to in July 1447?
York was appointed Lieutenant of Ireland to maintain English authority there.
Who replaced York as military commander in France in 1448?
Somerset replaced York as military commander in France.
What dishonourable action did Somerset take?
Somerset surrendered Maine, which was seen as dishonourable and unpopular.
What was the consequence of Somerset’s actions?
Somerset was blamed for negotiating humiliating French terms.
What rewards did Somerset receive despite his actions?
Somerset was rewarded with royal favour, offices, and annuities, while York was unpaid and ignored.
What event in June 1449 led to a French invasion?
The truce with France was broken due to an attack on Fougeres by Francois de Surienne.
What significant military loss occurred in October 1449?
Rouen, Normandy’s capital, fell to France.
What happened to Bishop Adam Moleyns in January 1450?
Bishop Adam Moleyns was murdered in Portsmouth by angry soldiers.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Formigny in April 1450?
The English were decisively defeated at the Battle of Formigny.
What happened to Suffolk in May 1450?
Suffolk was arrested in Parliament, exiled, and executed by a mob.
