Edward IV (1461–1471) Foreign, Economic And Consolidation Flashcards
(25 cards)
What was Edward’s anti-French policy from 1471 to 1475?
Edward blamed Louis XI for supporting Warwick and Margaret of Anjou. He used anti-French rhetoric to unite the nobility and raise funds in Parliament (October 1472).
What treaty did Edward form in 1474?
Edward formed the Treaty of London with Burgundy, a mutual aid pact against France.
What alliance did Edward form with Brittany?
Edward sent 3,000 archers to Brittany in 1472 and received a promise of 8,000 Breton troops.
What was the culmination of Edward’s foreign policy in August 1475?
The Treaty of Picquigny, where Edward led 12,000 troops into France but received no support from Burgundy or Brittany.
What did Louis XI offer Edward instead of battle?
Louis XI offered £15,000 down payment, £10,000 annual pension, and a 7-year truce.
What was the result of Edward’s campaign in 1475?
Edward returned with money, not war, which was seen as a financial success but criticized as a ‘phony’ campaign.
What was a major failure regarding Edward’s allies?
Brittany failed to send promised troops in 1475, and the marriage alliance between Edward’s son and Anne of Brittany collapsed.
What was the Treaty of Arras in December 1482?
The Treaty of Arras was a peace agreement between Burgundy and France made without Edward, undermining England’s anti-French strategy.
What was the Treaty of Picquigny?
The 1475 treaty that freed Anglo-French trade.
It facilitated trade relations between England and France.
What impact did the 1478 treaty with Burgundy have?
It restored stable trade with Calais merchants.
What treaties improved continental links in the late 1470s?
Treaties with Castile, Portugal, and Denmark.
What was the state of royal finance by 1482-83?
Land revenues rose to £30,000 and customs duties grew from £25,000 to £35,000 per year.
How did piracy affect trade during Edward’s reign?
Piracy was reduced to only 4 known acts per year from 1471–75.
What was the purpose of the 1475 Benevolence?
It raised funds for the French campaign, though it was unpopular.
What was the annual French pension received until 1482?
£10,000 per year.
How much did the Church pay between 1472–1475?
£48,000.
What was the outcome of the failed income tax in 1472-73?
Only half of the £60,000 intended was collected, leading Edward to swear never to attempt it again.
What happened to the commercial treaty with Brittany?
It collapsed by 1476.
What threat did the Bretons maintain against Edward’s regime?
They refused to hand over Henry Tudor.
What regional roles were established by Edward IV?
Richard of Gloucester governed the North, Anthony Woodville governed Wales, and Thomas Grey governed Dorset in the Southwest.
What administrative efficiency measures did Edward IV implement?
The Black Book of the Household (1471–2) and Ordinance of 1478 cut household spending. Crown commissioners were created to support JPs and sheriffs.
How did Edward IV eliminate threats to his power?
He executed Clarence for treason in February 1478 and killed Warwick, Henry VI, and the Bastard of Fauconberg by late 1471.
What acts of clemency and reconciliation did Edward IV undertake?
He pardoned rebel garrisons, such as Calais in July 1471, and reinstated moderate Lancastrians like John Morton and Sir John Fortescue into government.
What was a significant weakness during Edward IV’s reign?
Court factionalism arose due to Woodville dominance, creating resentment among nobles like Hastings and Richard of Gloucester.
