RESPIRATORY Flashcards
nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, and associated structures
Upper respiratory system
Inferior to the pharynx
lower respiratory system
Trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
Lower respiratory system
consists of:
- All airways that carry air to lungs: nose, pharynx,
trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal
bronchioles.
“Conducting Zone”
to filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it
into the lungs (passageway)
“Conducting Zone”
Sites within lungs where gas exchange occurs
respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs,
and alveoli.
“Respiratory Zone”
Function: gas exchange
Respiratory Zone
branch of medicine that deals with the
diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose, and throat.
Otorhinolaryngology
divides nose into two sides.
Nasal septum
covered by mucous membrane
Nasal conchae
Functions
- Warm, humidify, filter/trap dust and microbes.
-Detect olfactory stimuli.
- Modify vocal sounds.
NOSE
Known as the “throat”
PHARYNX
posterior to nose.
nasopharynx
Funnel-shaped tube from internal nares to larynx.
PHARYNX
posterior to nose.
nasopharynx
Contains adenoids (pharyngeal tonsil) and
openings of auditory (Eustachian) tubes.
nasopharynx
posterior to mouth.
oropharynx
2 pairs of tonsils in oropharynx
Palatine and lingual tonsils
Connects with both esophagus and larynx: food
and air.
laryngopharynx
-“Voice Box”
-Made largely of cartilage (9 cartilages)
LARYNX
leaf-shaped piece; covers airway
Epiglottis
inferior most portion
Cricoid cartilage
(paired, small) superior to cricoid.
Arytenoids
vertical folds or false vocal cords
Upper/superior
support vocal folds
and lateral aspects of the epiglottis.(paired)
Cuneiform cartilages
horn-shaped pieces
of elastic cartilage, located at the apex of each
arytenoid cartilage.(paired)
Corniculate cartilages
holding breath
Vestibular folds
vocal folds or true vocal cords
Lower/inferior
Mucous membrane of larynx forms two pairs of folds
Voice Production
the opening of the focal folds
Glottis
inflammation of the larynx that is most often caused by a respiratory infection or irritants such as cigarette smoke.
Laryngitis
is found almost exclusively in individuals who smoke.
Cancer of the larynx
causes lung cancer
cigarette/smoking
measurement of smoking. It is
equivalent of smoking one pack of cigarettes a day
for one year. There are 20 cigarettes in a pack, so if a
person smokes 20 cigarettes a day for one year, it is
called one pack-year.
Pack-year