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HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY > endocrine > Flashcards

endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

a molecule that is released in one part of the
body but regulates the activity and growth of cells in other
parts of the body.

A

Hormone

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2
Q

Help regulate.
a. Chemical composition and volume of internal
environment (extracellular fluid).
b. Metabolism and energy balance.
c. Contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle fibes.
d. Glandular secretions.
e. Some immune system activities

A

Hormone

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3
Q

Releases hormones
into interstitial fluid
→ blood → general
circulation.

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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4
Q

Slower, long-lasting
responses as
hormones linger in
blood.

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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5
Q

Neurons release
neurotransmitters at
synapses,
neuromuscular or
neuroglandular
junctions.

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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6
Q

Rapid responses from
effectors.

A

NERVOUS SYSTEM

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7
Q

Secretion enters
interstitial fluid and
then → bloodstream.

A

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

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8
Q

all
hormones such as
growth hormone,
insulin, adrenalin,
estrogen,
testosterone.

A

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

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9
Q

Secrete substances
that enter ducts

A

EXOCRINE GLANDS

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10
Q

mucus,
saliva, and other
digestive secretions,
sweat, tears

A

EXOCRINE GLANDS

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11
Q

carried in blood stream

A

Hormones

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12
Q

both a hormone & NT.

A

Nitric oxide (NO)

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13
Q
  • Serve as major link between nervous and endocrine
    systems.
A

HYPOTHALAMUS AND PITUITARY

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14
Q

Two hormones that are then stored and released from the
posterior pituitary.

A

oxytocin and ADH – antidiuretic hormone

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15
Q

attached to hypothalamus by stalk

A

Pituitary

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16
Q

an enzyme that phosphorylates (adds a phosphate group to) other
cellular proteins (such as enzymes).

A

protein kinase

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17
Q

SEVEN ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES

A

Human growth hormone (hGH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

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18
Q

controls blood sugar level, regulates
metabolism, reduce inflammation, and assist with
memory formulation.

A

Cortisol

19
Q

3P’s of diabetes

A

Polyphagia – insatiable hunger.
Polyuria – excessive urination.
Polydipsia – excessive thirst.

20
Q

insatiable hunger

A

Polyphagia

21
Q

excessive urination

A

Polyuria

22
Q

excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia –

23
Q

Initiates and maintains milk production by mammary
glands.

A

PROLACTIN (PRL)

24
Q

dissolve bone → calcium release

A

Osteoclasts

25
Q

builds the bone

A

Osteoblast

26
Q

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

27
Q

build-up of glycogen from glucose

A

Glycogenesis

28
Q

build-up of glucose from non-
carbohydrate precursors (e.g., lactic acid and certain amino acids)

A

Gluconeogenesis

29
Q

breakdown of glucose to produce energy
(ATP).

A

Glycolysis

30
Q

on top of kidneys

A

ADRENAL GLANDS

31
Q

produces epinephrine (adrenalin)
and norepinephrine.

A

Adrenal medulla

32
Q

promotes amino acid uptake, protein synthesis, and lipid storage.

A

Insulin

33
Q
  • Produce gametes: sperm and oocytes.
  • Produce hormones.
A

GONADS: OVARIES AND TESTES

34
Q

facilitates birth process by causing softening and
lengthening of the cervix and pubic symphysis. It also
inhibits the contraction of the uterus and important in
determining the timing of delivery.

A

Relaxin

35
Q
  • Small gland attached to roof of third ventricle of
    brain.
  • Produces melatonin (regulates circadian rhythm).
  • Sets body’s biological clock.
A

PINEAL GLAND

36
Q
  • Loss of negative feedback sensitivity so decline in
    circulating thyroid hormones.
  • PTH (parathyroid hormone) levels rise →loss of bone
    mass.
  • Less glucocorticoid production.
  • Slower release of insulin.
  • Thymus declines after puberty.
  • Ovarian response to gonadotropins stops.
  • Slow decline in testosterone production.
A

AGING

37
Q

an autoimmune disorder in which
the person produces antibodies that mimic the
action of TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).

A

Grave’s disease

38
Q

enlarged thyroid gland. It may be associated
with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, or
euthyroidism.

A

Goiter

39
Q

hypersecretion of cortisol by
the adrenal cortex.

A

Cushing’s syndrome

40
Q

hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and
aldosterone causes.

A

Addison’s disease (chronic adrenocortical
insufficiency)

41
Q

condition in
which a hormone made by the placenta prevents the
body from using insulin effectively.

A

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

42
Q

diabetes arises not
from a shortage of insulin but because target cells
become less sensitive to it due to down-regulation of
insulin receptors.

A

Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM – non-insulin dependent
diabetes mellitus/adult onset)

43
Q

insulin dependent diabetes
mellitus/juvenile onset) – person’s immune system
destroys the pancreatic beta cells. The pancreas
produces little or no insulin.

A

Type 1 diabetes (IDDM

44
Q

caused by an inability to produce
or use insulin.

A

Diabetes mellitus

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY (11 decks)

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