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Emergency Medical Responder > Ch 13: Musculoskeletal Injuries > Flashcards

Ch 13: Musculoskeletal Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Fracture

A

A partial or complete break in bone tissue

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2
Q

Open Fracture

A

A fracture involving an open wound

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3
Q

Closed Fracture

A

A fracture that leaves the skin unbroken

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4
Q

Dislocation

A

A displacement or separation of a bone from its normal position at a joint.

The displaced bone end often causes an abnormal lump, ridge or depression, sometimes making dislocations easier to identify.

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5
Q

Sprain

A

The stretching or tearing of ligaments and other tissues at a joint.

Usually results when the bones that form a joint are forced beyond their normal range of motion.

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6
Q

Strain

A

The excessive stretching and tearing of muscle or tendon fibres. Sometimes called a pulled muscle or tear

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7
Q

Tendonitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon due to overuse or systemic inflammatory diseases.

Pain and Stiffness in the tendon area or a burning sensation around the whole joint

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8
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Musculoskeletal Injuries

A 
Pain
Swelling
Deformity
Discoloration of skin (Contusions)
Inability to use the affected part normally
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9
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Serious Musculoskeletal Injuries

A
  • Significant Deformity
  • Moderate or sever swelling and discoloration
  • Inability to move or use the affected body part
  • Bone fragments protruding from wound
  • Crepitus, or a snap or pop at time of injury
  • Patient reports a felling of the affect part giving way
  • Loss of circulation or feeling in an extremity
  • Cause of the injury suggests that the injury may be severe
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10
Q

Obtain Advanced Medical Care When

A
  • Severe Bleeding
  • Involves head, neck or back
  • Impairs walking or breathing
  • Severe angulation with reduction or loss of distal circulation.
  • See or suspect multiple fractures.
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11
Q

Care for Musculoskeletal Injuries

A

R est
I mmobilize
C old
E levate

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12
Q

Rest

A

Avoid any movements or activities that cause pain

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13
Q

Immobilize

A

Splint above and below the injury site

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14
Q

Cold

A

Apply ice or a cold pack with a layer of cloth to protect skin

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15
Q

Elevate

A

Keep the injury above the level of the heart to reduce swelling by slowing blood flow.

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16
Q

Types of Splints

A

Soft
Rigid
Anatomical
Traction

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17
Q

Soft Splint

A

Splints made out of folded blankets, towels, pillows, slings or triangular bandages

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18
Q

Rigid Splint

A

Splits made from boards, metal strips and folded newspaper or cardboard.

19
Q

Anatomical Splint

A

Splints using other parts of the body

20
Q

Traction Splint

A

A splint that keeps a constant, steady pull against opposite ends of the leg, stabilizing fractured bone ends.

21
Q

Rule of Thirds

A

A method of determining if an injury is a joint or mid shaft injury. Works by dividing the long bones into thirds.

If the injury is located in the upper third, lower third or a joint, assume it is a joint injury.

If the injury is located in the middle third, assume it is a mid-shaft injury

22
Q

A Single Attempt to Realign Fracture When:

A

When:

  • Loss of distal circulation
  • Loss of distal sensation or mobility
  • Gross angulation
  • Tenting of the skin
  • Great discomfort

Grasp the limb above and below the site of injury and pull gently.

Do Not:

  • Joint injury
  • Firm resistance to movement
  • Significant increase in pain
  • Crepitus
23
Q

Transporting a Musculoskeletal Injury

A
  • Splint before moving a patient

- Monitor patient at all times

24
Q

Upper Extremity Injuries

A

Shoulder
Upper Arm
Elbow
Forearm, Wrist, and Hand

25
Shoulder Injuries
Clavicle | Scapula
26
Clavicle Injuries
- Occurs commonly in children - Usually result of a fall - Pain may radiate down arm - Will support the arm against the chest - Lies over major blood vessels and nerves to the arm. - Immobilize to prevent injury to these structures
27
Scapula Injuries
- Less likely to see deformity - Extreme pain - Inability to move the arm - Takes great force to break, suspect rib or internal organ damage - Dislocation
28
Care for Shoulder Injuries
- Control bleeding - Check CMS - Apply pressure bandage in figure 8 motion - Support the arm in the position of comfort - Splint in position of comfort - Place something soft to fill the gap between the arm and chest for support - Check CMS again
29
Upper Arm Injuries
Humerus
30
Humerus Injury
- Can be fractured at any point - Danger of damage to blood vessels and nerves - Can cause severe deformity
31
Care for Upper Arm Injuries
- Control bleeding - Check for CMS - Immobilize - Place arm in sling and bind to chest
32
Elbow
- Can be sprained, fractured, or dislocated | - Cause permanent disability since all the nerves and blood vessels to the forearm and hand go through the elbow
33
Care for Elbow Injuries
- If they cannot move it, do not move it - Control Bleeding - Pressure bandage in a figure 8 motion - Check CMS - Immobilize in position of comfort from shoulder to wrist - Place arm in sling and secure to chest, or with a splint and two triangular bandages - If the elbow is bent, apply the splint diagonally across the underside of the arm - Splint should extend beyond the upper arm and the wrist
34
Forearm, Wrist and Hand Injuries
- Fractures of the radius and ulna are most common - The radial artery and nerves are near these bones, so sever bleeding or loss of CMS may be present - The wrist is a common site for sprains - Injuries to the hands and phalanges involve mostly soft tissue damage but a serious injury may damage nerves, blood vessels and bones - Deep lacerations to the hand can cause permanent disabling injuries
35
Care for Forearm, Wrist and Hand Injuries
- Control bleeding - Bandage hand in a figure 8 pattern with a pressure bandage - Check for CMS - Immobilize - Extend the splint beyond both the hand and elbow - Place a roll of gauze in the palm to keep hand in normal position - Secure splint with triangular bandage or roller gauze - Recheck CMS - Put the arm in a sling and secure to the chest - Splint a finger with an adjacent one - Do not attempt to realign phalanges - Apply cold - Elevate - Seek advanced medical care
36
Lower Leg Injuries
- Can involve both soft tissue and musculoskeletal damage - Bones include Femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges - The femoral artery is major, if it is damaged, blood loss can be life threatening - Bradycardia distal to the injury is a sign of femoral arterial damage
37
Thigh and Lower Leg Injuries
- Most femur fractures involve the upper end of the bone, where the hip joint is and are called hip fractures - Femur fractures have a characteristic deformity, because the thigh muscles are so strong they pull broken ends together, causing them to overlap. The injured leg will be shorter and turned outward - The lower leg may involve one or both bones Tibia and Fibula. - Open fractures are common - A blow to the outside of the leg may damage just the fibula. - May cause sever deformity in which the lower leg is bent at an unusual angle - Person may also be able to use the lower leg and present no signs of deformity
38
Care for Thigh and Lower Leg Injuries
- Control bleeding - Immobilize in position of comfort and splint - Splint from hip to end of foot, and secure at several places above and below the injury site, using a figure 8 around the joints. Or splint both legs together, using padding between them for support. - Apply cold - Check CMS - Care for shock - Obtain advanced medical care
39
Traction Splint Rules
10% of body weight to a maximum of 15 pounds
40
Knee Injuries
- Includes the lower end of the femur and the upper ends of the tibia and fibula - Can be cuts, bruises, sprains, dislocations and fractures.
41
Care for Knee Injuries
- Control bleeding - Pressure bandage using figure 8 - Support in bent position if it cannot be straightened - If straightened, splint as you would an injury to the thigh or lower leg - Apply cold - Rest - Treat for shock
42
Ankle and Foot Injuries
- Commonly caused by twisting forces - Minor sprains, fractures, dislocations - Care as if they are serious - Forces that cause foot fractures can also affect other parts of the leg
43
Care for Ankle and Foot Injuries
- Control Bleeding - R E S T - Ongoing Survey

Emergency Medical Responder (16 decks)

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