Ch 11: Pharmacology Flashcards
(78 cards)
Pharmacology
The study of drugs and how they interact with the body
The 6 Rights
Patient Medication Dose Route Time Documentation
Addiction
A strong dependence on a drug
Antagonists
Drugs that combine with a receptor to prevent a response
Contraindication
A factor that makes it harmful to administer a medication
Depressant
A substance that decreases a body function or activity
Drug Allergy
A systemic reaction to a drug from previous exposure and development of a immunological mechanism;
An allergy to a medication
Drug Interaction
A modification (beneficial or detrimental) of the effects of one drug by the prior
Indications
The conditions that make administration of a drug appropriate
Potentiation
The enhancing effect of one drug on another when administered together
Side Effect
An unavoidable effect of using a drug
Synergism
The combined action of two drugs where the total effect is more than the sum of the individual effects.
Therapeutic Action
The desired, intended action of a drug
Chemical Name
The name to describe a drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure.
Ie:
Acetylsalicylic Acid
Generic Name (Non Proprietary Name)
An abbreviated form of the chemical name
Ie:
meperidine hydrochloride
Trade Name (Brand Name / Proprietary Name)
A copyrighted name designated by the drug company that owns the medication license
Ie:
Demerol
Official Name
Followed by the initials “USP” or “NF”, this name denotes the medication’s listing in official publications; usually the same as the generic name.
Ie:
meperidine hyrochloride USP
Oxygen
Give
Classification: Oxidizing Agent (gas)
Mechanism:
When inhaled, increases the amount of oxygen in erythrocyte hemoglobin
Indication:
Hypoxia
Patient involved in medical or trauma situation
Improve respiratory efficiency
Contraindication:
None
Precaution:
Patients with COPD
Prolonged administration in high concentration to newborns
Dose: Nasal Cannula; 1-4 lpm, 36% Resuscitation Mask; 6+ lpm, breathing 50%, non breathing 35% Nonrebreather Mask: 15+ lpm, 100% Bag Valve Mask: 15+ lpm, 100%
Route:
Inhaled
Oral Glucose
Give
Classification:
Monosaccharide
Carbohydrate caloric
Mechanism:
Absorbs into bloodstream, increasing blood glucose levels
Indications:
Known Diabetic History
BGL less than 4
Altered LOC
Contraindications:
Airway management cannot be controlled
Precautions:
Patient in Semi-Prone position or risk aspiration
Adverse Effects:
May increase airway management problems
Dose:
1 entire tube every 3 - 5 minutes until BGL normal
Route:
Buccal or Oral
Acetylsalicylic Acid
ASA
Aspirin
Give
Classification: Salicylate Antiplatelet Antipyretic Anti-inflammatory Non-opioid analgesic
Mechanism: Blocks prostaglandin production Impedes blood clotting Prevents or reduces pain Induces peripheral vasodilation, causing sweating
Indications:
Acute symptoms suggesting myocardial infarction
Contraindications: Drug Allergy or sensitivity Patient has bleeding disorder Patient is unconscious Airway maintenance impeded
Precautions:
Patients with active ulcer disease or asthma
Dose:
1 160mg or 325mg tablet, once
Route:
Oral
Salbutamol
Albuterol
“Ventolin”
Assist
Classification:
Bronchodilator, Sympathomimetic
Mechanism:
Mimics sympathetic response by affecting beta2 receptors, causing relaxation of bronchial muscles and peripheral vasculature.
Indications:
Respiratory distress
Dyspnea
Anaphylaxis
Contraindications:
Drug allergy or sensitivity
Precautions: Patient is a child or has sensitivity Myocardial insufficiency Dysrhythmia Hypertension Diabetes Thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid) Do not use with other beta-adrenergic drugs Safety in pregnancy not firmly established
Adverse Effects: Coughing Bronchospasm Restlessness Apprehension Tremors Dizziness Headache Palpitations Blood pressure changes Tachycardia Dysaryhthmia Cardiac Arrest Chest discomfort Nausea Pallor Flushing Sweating
Dose:
100mcg spray;
Adult 6 puffs every 10 minutes Max 20
Child 2 puffs every 10 minutes Max 10
Route:
Metered Dose Inhaler
Inhaled
Ipratropium Bromide
“Atrovent”
Assist
Classification:
Anticholinergic, Bronchodilator
Mechanism:
Blocks certain receptors from activating a response from the parasympathetic nervous system and dilates the bronchi and bronchioles.
Indications:
Dyspnea
Contraindications:
Drug Allergy
Ventolin must be assisted first
Precautions:
Use caution on patients with history of narrow angled glaucoma
Adverse Effects:
Coughing, increased sputum, dizziness, insomnia, tremors, nervousness, nausea.
Dose:
20mcg per spray
2 - 4 sprays every 10 minutes, Max 10
Route
Metered Dose Inhaler
Inhalation
Epinephrine Hydrochloride
Adrenaline
“Epi Pen”
Assist
Classification:
Sympathomimetic
Mechanism:
Mimics adrenaline response causing an increase in heart rate, cardiac output, AV conduction, irritability and bronchodilation.
In high doses it causes peripheral vasoconstriction.
Indication:
Bronchospasm
Anaphylaxis
Cardiac Dysrhythmias (Asystole, Ventricular Tachycardia, Ventricular Fibrillation)
Contraindications:
None in cardiac arrect
Drug Allergy
Precautions: Extreme caution in bronchospasm Cardiovascular disease Narrow-angled glaucoma Pregnancy Pre Existing tachycardia
Adverse Effects: Pulmonary Edema Dyspnea Nervousness Tremors Anxiety Headache Cerebral hemorrhage Agitation Tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Palpitations Widened pulse pressure Hypertension Stroke Anginal Pain Pallor Sweating Necrosis due to vasoconstriction
Dose:
Adult: 0.3 mg concentration of 1:1000 every 10 minutes
Child: 0.15 mg concentration of 1:1000 every 10 minutes
Route:
Intramuscular
Nitroglycerin
Assist
Classification:
Antianginal, Vasodilator
Mechanism:
Reduces cardiac oxygen demand by dilating the blood vessels, resulting in increased blood flow to cardiac tissue.
Indications:
Patient has previously prescribed nitroglycerin
Ischemia
Systolic blood pressure above 100
Contraindications:
Systolic blood pressure equal to or below 100
Drug allergy or sensitivity
Previous consumption of erectile dysfunction medication. Viagra 24 hrs, Levitra 24 hrs, Cialis 48 hrs
Precautions:
Hypotension
Administer while patient is lying comfortably
Carefully monitor vitals and blood pressure
Adverse Effects: Hypotension Dizziness Weakness Headache Nausea Vomiting Syncope Tachycardia Tingling or burning under the tongue
Dose:
1 0.4 mg spray every 5 minutes Max 3
Route:
Sublingual
