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mski > S1_L2_MSKI - 4-7 > Flashcards

S1_L2_MSKI - 4-7 Flashcards

1
Q

NEUROIMAGING CT scan (2)

A

structural
functional

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2
Q

Demonstrate microanatomy and macroanatomy of the brain

A

● Structural Imaging

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3
Q

Displays the activity of the brain based on
metabolic activity

A

● Functional Imaging

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4
Q

Usually given a contrast media to
light up hyperactive areas

A

functional imaging

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5
Q

More metabolic activity, __ in funcctional ikmaging

A

more lightne up

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6
Q

Diagnosis of lesions that are too small to
be detected is what type of neuroimaging

A

functional imaging

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7
Q

Indirect imaging of the brain by injecting
air in the ventricular system

A

Ventriculography

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8
Q

used for patients with
hydrocephalus

A

Ventriculography

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9
Q

Very invasive as it injects air into the brain

A

Ventriculography

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10
Q

Demonstrates blood vessels in and
around the brain

A

● Cerebral Angiography

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11
Q

Indirect imaging of the brain

A

● Cerebral Angiography

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12
Q

cerebral angiography is _ imaging of the brain

A

indirect

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13
Q

If there are occlusions c pt c stroke, you
can see where it is cut off in _

A

cerebral angiography

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14
Q

Identifies blood clots or thrombosis,
hemorrhage

A

cerebral angiography

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15
Q

When _ is seen due to contrast
media leaking, this represents a _

A

haziness, hemorrrhagic stroke

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16
Q

CT scan used for neuroimaging, when

A

1970s

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17
Q

CT + Nuclear medicine when

A

1980s

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18
Q

Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) when

A

1980s

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19
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET) when

A

1980s

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20
Q

Uses radioactively labeled chemicals for functional imaging of the brain

A

1980s

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21
Q

CT or MRI? Modality of choice for acute settings due to the short scanning times.

A

CT

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22
Q

CT or MRI? Detects changes in fluid content, ischemia, edema and
hemorrhage more accurately

A

MRI

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23
Q

CT or MRI? Axial Slice: Most commonly used for diagnostic purposes

A

CT

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24
Q

CT or MRI? Best
view of the ventricular system

A

ct

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25
Q

CT or MRI? Best view for spinal cord and brainstem

A

ct

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26
Q

Most commonly used for diagnostic purposes

A

Axial Slice

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27
Q

Best
view of the ventricular system

A

coronal slice

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28
Q

Best view for spinal cord and brainstem

A

sagittal slices

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29
Q

displays changes in blood flow through the paramagnetic properties of
Hgb or use of contrasts

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

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30
Q

Demonstrates ischemia
immediately following its occurrence

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

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31
Q

used in staging of stroke crucial in deciding treatment

A

Functional MRI (fMRI)

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32
Q

Not recommended for traumatic cases

A

mri

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33
Q

gray matter has a _ than white matter
because the nerve cell bodies are in the gray matter.

A

higher signal intensity

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34
Q

SIX BRAIN IMAGES in CT scan

A

cross
star
happy
sad
worms
coffee beans

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35
Q

The brain may be scanned in all _ orthogonal planes

A

3

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36
Q

CT scan: gray matter

A

Bright (more radiodense)

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37
Q

CT scan: white matter

A

less brighter than gray

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38
Q

CT Scan: CSF

A

dark more radiolucent

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39
Q

CT scan: bones

A

bright

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40
Q

ct scan subcutaneous fat

A

dark

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41
Q

MRI (T1) white matter

A

bright

42
Q

MRI (T1) gray matter

A

dark (lower signal intensoty)

43
Q

MRI (T1) bones

A

dark

44
Q

MRI (T1) csf

A

dark

45
Q

MRI (T1) subcutaneous fat

A

bright

46
Q

MRI (T2) gray matter

A

bright (higher signal intesnity)

47
Q

MRI (T2) white matter

A

dark

48
Q

MRI (T2) bones

A

dark

49
Q

MRI (T2) csf

A

bright

50
Q

MRI (T2) subcutaneous fat

A

dark

51
Q

A limb is made up of lesser wings or
sphenoid, a petrosal portion of temporal
bone

A

the cross

52
Q

_ of the skull contains the anterior,
middle, and posterior cranial fossa

A

base

53
Q

base of the skull contains:

A

anterior,
middle, and posterior cranial fossa

54
Q

In the middle cranial fossa, the
_ lobe will be seen

A

temporal

55
Q

A limb is made up of _ and _

A

lesser wings or
sphenoid, a petrosal portion of temporal
bone

56
Q

Slice just above the base of the skull

A

star

57
Q

Circle of Willis is seen, more evident in a contrast enhanced CT, what shape

A

star

58
Q

Cut above the previous cut (star)

A

mr happy

59
Q

eyes in mr happy is __

A

anterior horn of the lateral ventricles

60
Q

mouth in mr happy is __

A

Quadrigeminal cistern

61
Q

Down turned lips: posterior horns of the
lateral ventricle: what shape

A

mr sad

62
Q

Down turned lips in mr sad

A

posterior horns of the
lateral ventricle

63
Q

The (Back-to-Back) Worms what shape

A

mr sad

64
Q

The (Back-to-Back) Worms, what part of brain

A

lateral ventricles

65
Q

Cut almost at the vertex of the skull

A

the coffee beans

66
Q

Sees the brain parenchyma

A

the coffee beans

67
Q

Grey matter is denser than white matter. it appears whiter
due to its _

A

higher radiodensity

68
Q

t or f If you suspect your relative has a stroke, go to the nearest hospital with
a CT scan because it is part of the protocol for treatment in the acute setting.

A

t

69
Q

Non-invasive imaging technology that produces
three-dimensional detailed anatomical images

A

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

70
Q

It is often used for disease detection,
diagnosis, and treatment and monitoring

A

MRI

71
Q

It is based on sophisticated technology that excites and detects the
change in the direction of the rotational axis of protons found in the
water that makes up living issues.

A

MRI

72
Q

MRI is based on _ technology that excites and detects the
change in the direction of the_ found in the
water that makes up living issues.

A

sophisticated, rotational axis of protons

73
Q

ct scan how many mns

A

10 mins

74
Q

● mri is Not ideal for claustrophobic patients t or f

A

t

75
Q

Sound of machine is loud, so patients are
given noise-canceling headphones in __

A

MRI

76
Q

Cross-sectional imaging technology that uses a
magnetic field and radiofrequency signals to cause
hydrogen nuclei to emit their own signals which are
then converted to images by a computer

A

MRI

77
Q

The energy emitted varies according to the
tissues form which the signal emanates which allows the MRI to distinguish
between different types of tissues

A

MRI

78
Q

These are different processes that are related to the return of
protons to alignment with the magnetic field.

A

T1 & T2 PHENOMENA

79
Q

t1 and t2 phenomena are different processes that are
related to the return of _to alignment with the _

A

protons, magnetic field

80
Q

Following the RF pulse, 2 things happen:

A

○ The protons gain longitudinal magnetization or realign with the
magnetic field
○ The protons lose their transverse
magnetization

81
Q

In MRI, the contrast between tissues in the
images is created based on differences in T1 and T2 and _,
or number of hydrogen nuclei in the different tissues

A

proton density

82
Q

Two parameters are most important in
creating for creating contrast in the image:

A

TR (Time to Repetition)
TE (Time to Echo)

83
Q

Time at which the RF pulse is repeated to again displace the atoms

A

○ TR (Time to Repetition)

84
Q

■ Time at which the signal is captured

A

○ TE (Time to Echo)

85
Q

Imaging protocols of events during image
acquisition

A

sequence

86
Q

T1 is more sensitive to __

A

fat

87
Q

● Short TE and TR times:

A

t1

88
Q

in _ phenomena, The signal is caught __ and tissues that
rapidly recover their longitudinal
magnetization such as fat give rise to _ signal intensities

A

t1, early, high

89
Q

When __ TE is employed, tissues that are slow to recover
their longitudinal magnetization such as tissues with high
__ content render __ signal intensities. what phenomena?

A

short, high, low, T1

90
Q

Long TE and TR times

A

T2

91
Q

T2 images are measured __ in the process so
tissues that have high water content renders high signal intensity

A

Late

92
Q

Tissues with _ content (gives up energy fast) gives rise to
__ intensity on T2

A

fat, low signal

93
Q

Brighter images for structures with higher water content in what phenomena

A

t2

94
Q

Darker images for structures with higher fat content in what phenomena

A

t2

95
Q

T1 vs T2: Measures energy early

A

T1

96
Q

T1 vs T2: Selectively images structures that to not readily give up energy

A

T2

97
Q

T1 vs T2: Provides images of good and tonic detail, displaying
tissues in a fairly balanced manner

A

T1

98
Q

T1 vs T2: High signal intensity – WATER

A

T2

99
Q

T1 vs T2: Measures energy later

A

T2

100
Q

T1 vs T2: High signal intensity – FAT

A

T1

101
Q

T1 vs T2: Low signal intensity - fat

A

T2

102
Q

T1 vs T2: Low signal intensity – WATER

A

T1

mski (28 decks)

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