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mski > SPECONLEC_S1_L2 - 1-36-2 > Flashcards

SPECONLEC_S1_L2 - 1-36-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of burns in children

A

Scalds from hot liquids

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2
Q

Most common cause of burns in children AGE

A

1-5 yo

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3
Q

Most common cause of burns in adolescents and adults

A

Accidents from hot liquids

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4
Q

Most common cause of burns in adolescents and adults AGE GENDER

A

Male 16-40

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5
Q

Leading cause of burns in other age groups

A

Fires in homes and structural dwellings

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6
Q

Burns common cause of death

A

Inhalation injury

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7
Q

Burns: THREE age groups most commonly involved

A

<1yr (24%), 2-14yrs(25%), 25-44yrs(25%)

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8
Q

most common type of burn

A

scale burns

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9
Q

Majority were treated __ hours of the injury (89%)

A

24

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10
Q

Most common cause of death was ____ (40%)

A

MOSD

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11
Q

What percent: fatality rate

A

9%

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12
Q

What percent: Majority were treated 24 hours of the injury

A

89%

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13
Q

What percent: death by MOSD

A

40%

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14
Q

What percent: scale burns

A

43%

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15
Q

3 Significant factors associated with mortality included

A

1) % TBSA, 2) Inhalation injury, 3) Involvement of head, LE, perineum

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16
Q

3 medical conditions that are risk for burns

A

epilepsy, peripheral neurophathies, physical and cognitive disabilities

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17
Q

Risk factors for burns

A

Occupations that increase exposure to fire;
Poverty, overcrowding, and lack of safety measures;
Placement of young girls in household roles;
Underlying medical conditions;
Alcohol abuse and smoking;
Easy access for chemicals used for assault;
Use of kerosene as a fuel source for non-electric domestic appliances;
Inadequate safety measures for liquefied petroleum gas and electricity

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18
Q

Fuel source used for non electric domestic appliances

A

Kerosene

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19
Q

Risk factor: Inadequate safety measures for liquefied ________ gas and electricity

A

petroleum

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20
Q

Initial physical finding: direct thermal injury is confined to the ___ & ____

A

face & upper airway

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21
Q

Initial physical finding: _____ injury is confined to the face & upper airway

A

direct thermal

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22
Q

3 main INITIAL physical finding

A

1) facial burns, 2) burned nasal hairs, 3) soot in nares & mouth

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23
Q

Bronchial Cast: Accrued ________ can cause obstruction of distal airways contributing to ventilation perfusion mismatching & secondary infection

A

endobronchial debris & exudate

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24
Q

Bronchial Cast: Accrued endobronchial debris & exudate can cause obstruction of (proximal OR distal) airways contributing to ventilation perfusion mismatching & secondary infection

A

distal

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25
Q

Bronchial Cast: Accrued endobronchial debris & exudate can cause obstruction of distal airways contributing to (2)?

A

ventilation perfusion mismatching & secondary infection

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26
Q

Bronchoscopic view aerosolized chemicals & combustion can deposit through where (2)?

A

subglottic airways and lungs

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27
Q

Bronchoscopic findings include (4)?

A

mucosal irritatio, pallor, ulceration, carbonaceous debris

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28
Q

Facial burn (6) contributes to morbidity & mortality?

A

anoxia, carbon moxodie, cyanide, inflammation, airway obstruction, infection

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29
Q

PH facts: number of fires in 2010-2012

A

883

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30
Q

PH facts: 43% of fires occurred at what months of the year

A

first 4 months

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31
Q

PH facts: what time is its highest incidence

A

12:01-3:00am

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32
Q

PH facts: most common cause (2)

A

Faulty Electrical Wiring and neglected open flames

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33
Q

PH facts:most common areas affected

A

residential areas

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34
Q

PH facts: Worst fire in Philippine history

A

Ozone disco fire

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35
Q

largest organ

A

skin

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36
Q

4 functions of the skin (PRPS)

A

1) Protective shield against heat, light, injury, and infection, 2) Regulation of body temperature, 3) Storage of water and fat, 4) Prevents entry of bacteria

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37
Q

The skin serves as a protection for (4)?

A

heat, light, infection, injury

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38
Q

Skin layer: the surface or outer layer which serves as a barrier between our body and the environment

A

Epidermis

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39
Q

Epidermis role

A

serves as a barrier between our body and the environment

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40
Q

5 Layers of the skin

A

Stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, germinativum/basale

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41
Q

what layer of the skin is the Stratum corneum

A

1st

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42
Q

what layer of the skin is the Stratum lucidum

A

2nd

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43
Q

what layer of the skin is the Stratum granulosum

A

3rd

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44
Q

what layer of the skin is the Stratum spinosum

A

4th

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45
Q

what layer of the skin is the Stratum germinativum / basale

A

5th

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46
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER: made of keratinocytes & squamous layer

A

lucidum granulosum

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47
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER: contains cells that enable epidermis to regenerate

A

basale

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48
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER: hardened layer

A

corneum

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49
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER:waterproof characteristic

A

corneum

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50
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER: contains melanocytes - pigments

A

basale

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51
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER:have lamellar granules

A

granulosum

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52
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER:dead keratinocytes

A

corneum

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53
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER: keratinocytes & langerhans cells

A

spinosum

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54
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER: where cell division happens

A

basale

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55
Q

EPIDERMIS LAYER: helps with production of cells

A

basale

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56
Q

Layer of skin beneath the epidermis

A

dermis

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57
Q

dermis is __times thicker

A

20-30x

58
Q

Skin layer: Contains epidermal appendages

A

dermis

59
Q

Skin layer: Comprised mainly of interwoven collagen and elastin fibers

A

dermis

60
Q

dermis contains?

A

epidermal appendages

61
Q

dermis is comprised mainly of (2)?

A

interwoven collagen & elastin fibers

62
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: thin arrangement of collagen fibers

A

P

63
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: thick arrangement of collagen fibers

A

R

64
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: denser

A

R

65
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: supplies nutrients and regulates temperature

A

P

66
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: strengthens the skin & provides structure, elasticity

A

R

67
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: has BVs

A

P

68
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: thin extensive vascular system

A

P

69
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: supports hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaseous glands

A

R

70
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: contriction & expansion

A

P

71
Q

PAPILLARY OR RETICULAR: arranged parallel

A

R

72
Q

(epi/dermi/hypo) BVs, nerves, lymph vessels, hair follicles

A

Hypodermis/Subdermis

73
Q

2 layers of dermis

A

papillary & reticular layer

74
Q

location & function: free nerve endings

A

epidermis dermis = pain & itch

75
Q

location & function: merkerl’s disks

A

epidermis (s. spinosum) = touch

76
Q

location & function: meissner’s corpuscles

A

papillary dermis = touch

77
Q

what receptor: epidermis dermis = pain & itch

A

free nerve endings

78
Q

what receptor: epidermis (s. spinosum) = touch

A

merkel’s disk

79
Q

what receptor: papillary dermis = touch

A

meissner’s corpuscles

80
Q

location & function: ruffini’s endings

A

papillary dermis = warm receptors

81
Q

location & function: krause end bulb

A

papillary dermis = cold receptors

82
Q

location & function: pacinian corpuscles

A

reticular dermis = pressure & vibration

83
Q

what receptor: papillary dermis = warm receptors

A

ruffini’s endings

84
Q

what receptor: papillary dermis = cold receptors

A

krause end bulbs

85
Q

what receptor: reticular dermis = pressure & vibration

A

pacinian corpuscles

86
Q

Skin layer: Lies below the dermis

A

Hypodermis/Subdermis

87
Q

Skin layer: It consists of loose connective tissue and elastin

A

Hypodermis/Subdermis

88
Q

Skin layer: Fat serves as padding and insulation for the body

A

Hypodermis/Subdermis

89
Q

Hypodermis/Subdermis consists of (2)?

A

connective tissue & elastin

90
Q

Hypodermis/Subdermis fat serves as (3)?

A

padding, shock absorber & insulation for the body

91
Q

usually injury pattern: Alteration of ______ → Edema → LOM

A

vascular integrity

92
Q

MOI: Alteration of vascular integrity → ______→ LOM

A

Edema

93
Q

MOI: Alteration of vascular integrity → Edema → _____

A

LOM

94
Q

Skin destruction will depend on (4)?

A

temperature, length of time, type of insult (Flame, liquid, chemical, electrical), extremes of age

95
Q

4 types of insult in skin destruction

A

Flame, liquid, chemical, electrical

96
Q

type of MOI: 70% of burns in children , Spilling hot drinks/liquid, hot water in baths , Cause superficial to superficial dermal burns

A

Scalds

97
Q

Scalds __% in children

A

70

98
Q

MOI that cause spilling hot drinks/liquid, hot water in baths

A

Scalds

99
Q

MOI that cause superficial to superficial dermal burns

A

Scalds

100
Q

type of MOI: 50% of adult burns, Associated with inhalation injury and other concomitant trauma, Deep or full thickness

A

Flame

101
Q

Flame __% in adults

A

50

102
Q

Flame MOI is associated with (2)?

A

inhalation injury & concomitant trauma

103
Q

MOI that is associated with inhalation injury & concomitant trauma

A

flame

104
Q

MOI that is associated wit deep or full thickness

A

flame

105
Q

MOI: The depth of heat injury depends on the degree of heat exposure and depth of heat penetration ; Deep dermal or full thickness

A

Contact

106
Q

Thermal burns is divided into (3)

A

Scalds, flame, contact

107
Q

contact thermal birns depend on (2)

A

degree of heat exposure and depth of penetration

108
Q

most devastating type of MOI

A

electrical burns

109
Q

MOI that has an electric current that will travel through the body from one point to another, creating “entry” or “exit” points

A

electrical burns

110
Q

MOI that varies according to: (1) Type of current, (2) Intensity of the current, (3) Area of the body that the current passes through

A

electrical burns

111
Q

electrical burns vary accordingto (3)?

A

type of current, intensity of current, area ofbody that current pass through

112
Q

RANK 1-7: bone

A

1

113
Q

RANK 1-7: cartilage

A

2

114
Q

RANK 1-7: tendon

A

3

115
Q

RANK 1-7: skin

A

4

116
Q

RANK 1-7: muscle

A

5

117
Q

RANK 1-7: blood

A

6

118
Q

RANK 1-7: nerve

A

7

119
Q

Two types of electrical burns

A

low & high voltage electrical burns

120
Q

type of electrical burn: Exposure to 500-1000 volts of current

A

low voltage current

121
Q

type of electrical burn: v fib

A

low voltage current

122
Q

type of electrical burn: Greater than 1000 volts

A

high voltage current

123
Q

type of electrical burn: Apnea, deep tissue destruction, renal failure

A

high voltage current

124
Q

type of electrical burn: divided into true & flash

A

high voltage current

125
Q

high voltage current number of volts

A

> 1000

126
Q

low voltage current number of volts

A

500-1000

127
Q

choose: (flash/true) high tension injury that has current that pass through the patient

A

TRUE

128
Q

choose: (flash/true) high tension injury that has current arcs, no current goes through patient

A

flash

129
Q

MOI: Extensive muscle and soft tissue necrosis often result in amputation

A

Electrical burns

130
Q

electrical burns is most common in (UE/LE) & (Left/Right)

A

R UE

131
Q

(High/Low) voltage: PNS and CNS problems may not be present initially but may occur late after

A

high voltage current

132
Q

True or False PNS and CNS problems may not be present initially but may occur late after

A

TRUE

133
Q

In electrical burns, lightning results to (2)? - pathy

A

myelopathy & encephalopathy

134
Q

In electrical burns, lightning results to (2)? - hearing loss

A

sensorineural & mechanical hearing loss

135
Q

In electrical burns, (2) ocular complications are?

A

catarcts & macular holes

136
Q

type of burn that has 8 cardiac manifestations

A

Electrical burns

137
Q

acronym for 8 cardiac manifestations after electrical burns

A

PMDASINC

138
Q

8 cardiac manifestations after electrical burns (PMDASINC)

A

Immediate cardiac arrest,
Pseudo infarction,
Myocardial ischemia without necrosis,
Dysrhythmia ,
Conduction abnormalities,
Acute hypertension,
Nonspecific ECG abnormalities,
Sinus tachycardia

139
Q

8 other manifestations of electrical burns (DIECBRLI)

A

Diaphragm paralysis,
Inhibition of the breathing centers in the midbrain,
Extensive fluid loss,
Loss of consciousness,
Impaired recall and PTSD,
Blood clotting ,
Compartment syndrome ,
Rhabdomyolysis

140
Q

(exit/entry) wound is more devastating in electrical burns

A

exit

141
Q

in electrical injury, this is a manifestation where there is degredation of muscles loss

A

rhabdomyolisis

mski (28 decks)

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