6.2 State Expansion Flashcards
Quinine
A medication that treats malaria. Discovery of quinine reduced the danger of living warm, humid climates.
corvée laborers
Unpaid laborers who worked road construction projects as a form of taxation. When the Suez Canal was constructed, thousands of corvée laborers lost their lives.
Suez Canal
A 100 mile long canal constructed to connect the Mediterranean and Red Sea, avoiding a trip around the entire continent of Africa.
Sierra Leone
A British colony established for freed slaves from the British Empire.
In 1830, the French drove the Ottoman Empire out of Algeria and made it a settler colony. What is a settler colony?
A settler colony is a colony where foreign settlers move to and permanently reside in their non-native land in order to strengthen the dominance of a colonial power. In Algeria, French and other European immigrants made Algeria, an African country, their new home.
What was the “Scramble for Africa”?
A competition between European countries to colonize parts of Africa.
The Berlin Conference
A meeting arranged by Otto von Bismarck for European leaders to meet and agree upon the division of Africa for colonizers.
During the Napoleonic Wars, who replaced the Dutch in Cape Colony?
The British
The Boer Wars
Between 1880-1881 and 1899-1902, the British Army and the former Dutch settlers along with Africans foought over African land. The British won. The losers were sent to concentration camps where living conditions were so awful many people died of starvation. While the white people suffering in concentration camps received some attention and improvement, black people interred in the camps were doomed to starvation in horrible conditions. About 15 percent of black people died in South African concentration camps.
King Leopold II of Belgium oversaw the invasion and pacification of what area of Africa?
The Congo in Central Africa
What was the difference between the colonial structure of The Congo vs. other African colonies?
King Leopold personally owned the entire colony. He used Belgian officials to exploit the people and the resources of the Congo Free State, stealing almost 1.1 billion dollars from this area and its people.
By 1900, only two African countries had not been colonized by European powers. What were they?
Abyssinia (modern-day Ethiopia)
Liberia - a country founded by former U.S. slaves. Because the U.S. helped Liberia, it could not be colonized by European powers.
The Seven Years War drove what country out of India?
France
England’s East India Company had taken over the rule of most of India by 1857, taking the land from what empire?
The Mughal Empire
Spheres of Influence in China
China maintained independent rule but European nations carved out exclusive trading rights and access to natural resources within China.