Unit 3 - 3.1 through 3.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Who defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1571 in a great naval conflict known as the Battle of Lepanto?

A

The Navies of Spain and Venice

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2
Q

What two problems did the Safavid Empire have?

A

Lack of navy and lack of natural defenses

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3
Q

The Ottoman Empire had what main religion?

A

Islam

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4
Q

How long did the Ottoman Empire last?

A

A long time (1300s to 1922)

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5
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

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6
Q

Safavid Empire

A

Turkish-ruled Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi’ite state.

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7
Q

Shah is a Persian word for

A

king

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8
Q

Printing Press in Europe

A

15th century invention which revolutionized the ability to print information which in turn affected the speed of the spread of information itself.

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9
Q

Who was Akbar the Great?

A

He is considered to be their greatest ruler of the Mughal Empire in India. Responsible for the expansion, stability his administration gave to it, and the increasing of trade and cultural diffusion.

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10
Q

Who was Quianlong?

A

a ruler of the Manchu (Qing) dynasty who helped to create a prosperous, powerful, and culturally rich empire. He brought much prosperity that he cancelled taxes 4 times

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11
Q

Who was Askia the Great?

A

A Muslim leader who led the Songhai Empire to the height of its power.

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12
Q

Who was Tokugawa Ieyasu?

A

The founder of the Tokugawa Shogunate which lasted from 1603 to 1867 and reunified Japan.

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13
Q

Daimyo

A

A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai

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14
Q

Janissaries

A

Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826.

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15
Q

Devshirme

A

Ottoman policy of enslaving boys from Christian regions to be trained as Muslim soldiers or bureaucrats

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16
Q

Louis XIV

A

(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, absolute monarch completely controlled France. One of his accomplishments was the palace at Versailles.

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17
Q

Divine Right

A

A belief that rulers receive their authority directly from God.

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18
Q

Sikhism

A

a monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 15th century by Guru Nanak. The book says this faith is a syncretic religion created by a mix of Buddhist and Hindu beliefs but this is not what Sikhs believe.

19
Q

Shari’ah

A

Religious code drawn up after Muhammad’s death; provided believers with a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives.

20
Q

Jesuits

A

Group of priests focused on missionary work & and service to the poor. Founded as part of the counter-reformation.

21
Q

Indulgence

A

a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin. These could be purchased.

22
Q

30 Years War

A

War resulting from a conflict between the Protestant Union and the Catholic League in the Holy Roman Empire. (1618-1648)

23
Q

In the Americas, most of the people in the Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonies converted to which religion?

A

Roman Catholocism

24
Q

Boyars

A

Russian nobles who were at the top of the Russian Social Hierarchy

25
Q

The year of Martin Luther’s 95 Theses

A

1517

26
Q

Martin Luther

A

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic church. He wrote 95 statements of belief attacking the church practices.

27
Q

The Protestant Reformation was a movement to reform what?

A

the Catholic Church. People split off and formed new churches during the 1500s.

28
Q

In 1593, King Henry IV in France converted to Catholicism in an attempt to

A

unify France

29
Q

What religion did many Gunpowder Empires share?

A

Islam

30
Q

Simony

A

The selling of church offices

31
Q

John Calvin broke with the Catholic Church in 1530. He believed in predestination. What is this?

A

The elect were predestined to go to heaven. Essentially, a person was born with a determined destination after death.

32
Q

When Henry VIII wanted to divorce his first wife because she only gave birth to daughters, what did the pope say?

A

No.

33
Q

What religion did Henry VIII found?

A

The Anglican Church or Church of England

34
Q

Holy Synod

A

Founded by Peter the Great to replace the patriach, the Russian Orthodox’s equivalent of the Pope.

35
Q

Empiricism

A

An early scientific method pioneered by Francis Bacon - insisting that hypotheses need demonstrable evidence to support them.

36
Q

What was the Peace of Westphalia?

A

Every area of the former Holy Roman Empire could choose one of three religious options - Catholocism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism.

37
Q

What ended the Thirty Years War?

A

The Peace of Westphalia

38
Q

What was the Edict of Nantes?

A

An edict from France’s King Henry IV allowing Huguenots (protestants) to practice their faith.

39
Q

What was the Council of Trent?

A

A conference of Roman Catholic leaders from 1545 to 1563 that was intended to correct the worst of the Church’s abuses

40
Q

Who collected taxes for the Mughals?

A

Zamindars

41
Q

Who collected taxes for the Ottoman Empire?

A

Tax Farmers

42
Q

The Ming Empire used paper money like its predecessors, but why did it convert to rice and then silver coins?

A

Counterfeiting

43
Q
A