8.4 Spread of Communism after 1900 Flashcards

1
Q

Who led the Chinese after the defeat of the Japanese in 1945?

A

Mao Zedong

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2
Q

The Great Leap Forward

A

A Chinese policy of land reform, organized peasant lands into communes, large state-owned farms.

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3
Q

What was the result of The Great Leap Forward?

A

Starvation. Twenty million Chinese people starved to death.

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4
Q

Why did Mao come up with the Cultural Revolution in 1966?

A

He wanted to reinvigorate the country’s commitment to communism?

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5
Q

What happened to A LOT of teachers, government officials and artist during the Cultural Revolution?

A

They were seized by Red Guards and sent to reeducation camps.

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6
Q

Who were the Red Guards?

A

Revolutionary students

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7
Q

How did Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi take over control of Iran?

A

His father was forced to abdicate by the U.K. and U.S.S.R. because he supported the Nazis.

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8
Q

Did Iranians want a king who was a puppet of Western powers?

A

No. In 1951, he had to flee the country.

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9
Q

Mohammad Mosaddegh

A

A democratically elected prime minister of Iran who wanted to nationalize its oil companies.

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10
Q

How did the U.S. and U.K. react to Mosaddegh attempt to return control of Iran’s resources to itself?

A

They engineered a coup and restored the puppet shah back to power.

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11
Q

The White Revolution

A

Progressive reforms made by Shah Pahlavi giving women the right to vote and creating social welfare systems.

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12
Q

In 1979, a revolution ended the Shah’s control of Iran. What was the new government of Iran?

A

A theocracy.

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13
Q

What type of law did the theocratic state of Iran have?

A

Shariah

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14
Q

How did Venezuela atttempt to redistribute wealth more evenly among its citizens?

A

Land reform

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15
Q

When Guatemala elected Jacob Arbenz, a leader who wanted to reform land ownership in Guatemala, what happened?

A

The United Fruit Company lobbied the U.S. government to remove Arbenz. In 1954, he was overthrown.

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16
Q

Did South Vietnamese peasants get the land reform they were promised by the communists?

A

not really

17
Q

Haile Selassie

A

An Ethiopian leader restored to power during WWII by western powers.

18
Q

Mengistu Haile Mariam

A

An Ethiopian major in the military who lead the overthrow of Selassie and subsequently declared the new Ethopian government was socialist.

19
Q

Who gave aid to Mariam’s Ethiopian government?

A

The Soviet Union

20
Q

When India was partitioned in 1947, what two countries resulted?

A

Pakistan - overwhelmingly Muslim
India - largely Hindu

21
Q

When land reform began succeding in the Indian state of Kerala, how did the central government react?

A

Took over direct rule of Kerala and reversed or slowed down the program.

22
Q
A