Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

physio > 17 > Flashcards

17 Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

urinary system func

A

-Filter blood
-rid toxic metabolic waste
-Urea formation (ammonia to
urea)
- Regulate water, electrolyte
and acid-base balances
- Get rid of hormones and
drugs
-RBC (Erythropoietin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

urea formation

A
  • Proteins to amino acids
    to ammonia
    -Liver converts ammonia to
    urea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

glomerulus

A

capillary bed in nephron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glomerular capsu/le

A

cells around the glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

podocytes

A

viseral layer
like little feet?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cortical nephrons

A

Close to the kidney’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Juxtamedullary nephrons

A

Close to the medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

steps of urine production

A

glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption/secretion
water conservation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glomerular filtration location and fluid

A

Location: Renal corpuscle
Fluid: Glomerular filtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tubular reabsorption and
secretion location and fluid

A
  • Location: PCT, nephron
    loop, DCT
  • Fluid: Tubular fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Water conservation location and fluid

A
  • Location: Collecting Duct
  • Fluid: Urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glomerular Filtration
Membranes

A

1.Fenestrated
endothelial cells of
capillaries
2.Basement membrane
3.Filtration slits between
the podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood hydrostatic
pressure (BHP)

A
  • Blood pressure in the
    glomerulus
    net pressure out is hi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Capsular pressure (CP)

A

-Hydrostatic pressure of
glomerular filtrate
-push fluid into glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Colloid osmotic pressure
(COP)

A
  • Osmotic pull from proteins
    in the blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Tubular reabsorption

A

reclaiming water and solutes from tubular fluid and returning them to blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

biggest site of reabsportion

A

pct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

transcell route reabsorption

A
  • thru cell
    -in all tubules
    -anything can use this route (if transport proteins are available/ active)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

paracell reabsorption

A
  • bn 2 cells
  • PCT
  • only ions/very small molecules
  • passive only
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

water movement is always

A

passive, will follow solutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

movement from lumen into tubular cell transportation

A

secondary active transport
from na/k pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

movement out of tubular cell into isf transport

A

passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The amount of solute
that renal tubules can
reabsorb is limited by

A

the number of transport
proteins in tubule cells’
membranes
extra will pass into urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

tubular secretion transport is

A

-active
-in tubules, but specific molecules are often secreted in one region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
tubular secretion excrete wastes that...
-need to be moved against concentration gradient - been reabsorbed passively (e.g. urea, ammonium NH4+, K+, H+) - can’t get through filtration membrane -certain waste
26
stuff filtered out of the blood (turned back)
blood cells plasma protein large anions stuff bigger than 8nm
27
what can pass thru filter
water electrolytes glucose aminos fatty acids vitamines urea uric acids creatinine
28
what type of things need to move against the concentration gradient
drugs, penicillin
29
what can be reabsorbed passively
urea, ammonium, NH4+, k+, h+
30
thing segment of loop of nephron/henle loop
descending permeable to water (reabsorb a lotta) impermeable to other solutes (salt no follow water bc it has no transports and no paracell route) urea secreted
31
thick segment or loop of henle
thick ascending loop ion exchange, NA, K, Cl pops out into ICF
32
distal convoluted tubule will reabsorb and secrete what
- reabsorbs water, salt, bicarb ion -secretes h, k, drugs, waste
33
distal convoluted tubule is under what control
hormonal
34
PCT will secrete what?
urea, uric acid, creatine some drugs h nh4
35
PCT will reabsorb
glucose, aminos proteins vitamins lactate urea
36
DCT will reabsorb
na cl hco h2o
37
collecting duct reabsorb
urea
38
collecting duct
osmosis pulls water into salty medulla and reabsorbs water concentrates urine
39
countercurrent multiplier
ability of kidney to concentrate urine
40
countercurrent multiplier dependent on
salinity gradient renal medulla 4x saltier than renal medulla than cortex
41
nephron loop as a counter current multiplier
recaptures salt and returns it to ECF -fluid will flow in opp directions of nephron loop
42
where is osmosm/l the highest
at the bottom of the loop
43
Glomerular filtration rate
net filtration pressure x filtration coefficient typically 125ml/min or 165-180 l/day
44
filtration coefficient will depend on
permeability and surface area of fillration barrier
45
if GFR is too high
fluid moves too fast for reabsorption of water n solutes urine output rises might be dehydrated and electrolytes down
46
if GFR is too low
waste reabsorbed azotemia may occur
47
azotemia
have nitrogenous waste in blood will hallucinate
48
myogenic constriction
smooth muscle in arterioles sense an increase in blood pressure, less filtering regulate GFR
49
tubuloglomercular feedback
glomerulus receives feedback from DCT about tubular fluid composition
50
juxtaglomerular apparatus
51
Macula densa on DCT secrete adenosine in response to high GFR
52
macula densa cell role
ion concentration monitor increased ion and water sensitive secrete adenosine to lower GFR increase vasoconstriction?
53
granular cell role
constrict afferent arterial vessel (lower GFR) dilate afferent arteriole vessel (increase GFR) secrete renin bc low BP (increases)
54
messangial cell role
maintain good GFR rate
55
GFR and BP
increased BP leads to increased GFR
56
GFR and capsular pressure
decrease of GFR
57
constriction of efferent artierole
decrease GFR, less preassure in system
58
aldosterone
salt retaining hormone adrenal cortex release when n dowm/up/ drop in bp leads to more water= increase bp
59
Atrial Natriurectic Peptide (ANP) -
-secreted by atrial myocardium of the heart bc high blood pressure -increases excretion of Na+ -decrease BP, less water
60
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -
- released by posterior lobe of pituitary bc dehydration/rising blood osmolarity -collecting ducts more permeable to water -lets more aquaporin be inserted into cell membrane
61
water diuresis
drinking lotta water leads to a large volume of hypotonic urine urine
62
dehydrated urine is
hypertonic urine
63
Bp in a dehydrate person impact on GFR
the GFR will be low
64
hypersecretion of aldosterone impact on urine
concentrating urine more solutes
65
more aquaporin insertions impact on urine
concentrating the urine
66
where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work
PCT lets na get reabsorbed?
67
where do loop diuretics work
thick ascending limb lets nakcl get reabsorbred?
68
where do thiazide diuretics work
distal convoluted tubule lets nacl get reabsorbed?
69
potassium sparing diuretics where they work
collecting duct keps h2o and ADH??
70
ureters
Retroperitoneal, muscular tubes that extend from each kidney to the urinary bladder -25 cm long
71
bladder
Muscular sac located on floor of the pelvic cavity
72
Internal urethral sphincter
unconscious, automatic movement
73
Urethra
* Muscular tube between the bladder and exterior
74
External urethral sphincter
can willingly move this
75
Micturition reflex
involuntary spinal reflex that partly controls urination -starts with stretch receptors
76
Voluntary control
* Signals from the pons when it is ok to urinate

physio (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions