ch 6 Flashcards
(95 cards)
1
Q
plasma membrane
A
phos lipid bilayer that acts acts as a barrier
2
Q
glycoprotien
A
acts as a marker n stuff
3
Q
passsive trans
A
no require energy (ATP), with gradient
4
Q
active trans
A
require energy (ATP), against gradient
5
Q
passive transport examples
A
diffusion, osmosis
6
Q
diffusion
A
flows hi to low
if theres a concentration diff, itll get equilib by diffusion
2nd law
7
Q
browmian movement
A
molecules in a solution are in a constant state of motion-
8
Q
solutions
A
solvent and a dissolved solute
9
Q
colloid
A
mix of proteins and water
10
Q
suspension
A
large particles suspended in liquid, will seperate
11
Q
emulsion
A
suspension of liquid in a liquid
ex oil in water
12
Q
simple diffusion allows for what to cross
A
small, nonpolar molecules
ex o2
13
Q
ion channels in simple diffusion will let in
A
na, k, mg
14
Q
facilitated diffusion
A
carrier mediated (carrier protein), involved confirmation change
still flows hi to low
15
Q
facilitated diffusion can move
A
glucose
16
Q
factors effecting diffusion rate
A
temp, molecule weight, concentration steepness, membrane surface area, membrane permeability
17
Q
paracellular
A
inbetween cell gaps
18
Q
transcellular
A
thru the cell
typically in the brain
19
Q
glut 1
A
insulin independant
20
Q
glut 2
A
insulin independant
high k
low affinity
21
Q
glut 3
A
insulin indie
low k
high affinity
22
Q
glut 4
A
insulin dependant
exercise
23
Q
km/ michaelis constant
A
inverse of measurment of affinity
found at 1/2 v max
substrate concentration that a protein will reach its max rate
24
Q
ligand gated ion channel
A
need chem to bind to open
25
mechancially gated ion gated
pressure opens it
26
always open ion gate
weak
will let stuff flow from hi to low concenttration
27
voltage gated ion channel
active/inactice based on membrane potential/ charge
28
transport max
transporter will let shit slip by if theres more molecules than the max amount it can handle
carrier fully saturated
29
hyperglycemia
hi glucose
cause glucose in the piss bc transporter overloaded
30
osmosis
diffusion of water across the membrane
31
osmotically active
solute no pass thru membrane, promotes osmosis
32
osmolarity
molarity of solute
33
tonicity
ability of solute to pull water
34
osmotically active moleculoe examples
cant cross,
NaCL and glucose
35
isotonic
same conc of solute, no net movement (some actual movement tho)
ex 0.9 NaCl
36
hypotonic
water into cell bc lower conc of solutes, increase cell volume
37
hypertonic
water out of cell bc higher conc, shrivel cell
38
hemolysis
exploded cell from water moving into cell
39
crenation
cell shrink up bc water leave cell
40
how osmotic pressure push stuff into and out of cap beds
osmosis solutes will pull water into and push water out of cap beds
41
decrease volume of blood leads to
increase of solutes of blood, trigger osmoreceptors, thirst, secreate ADH to retain more water
42
low protein in blood effect of blood volume
decrease, lead to kwashiorkor (swelling)
43
how low protein lead to edema
less water in cap bed lead to edema, water move out of blood to tissue
44
IV distilled water will lead to what type of solution in blood
hypotonic amnd RBC burst
45
drinks gaterade woudl have to be - to hydrate well
hypotonic- to draw water to tissue
46
drinking ocean water is
hypertonic- draws water out of blood- shrivel up
47
fertilizer in plants make soil
hypertonic, draws water to soil, water out of plant
48
active trans and example
against gradient, need atp
Na/K pump
49
Na/K pump
active trans
3na/2k
50
3-2-1 Nokia
3 sodium out, 2 sodium in, 1 ATP used
51
symporter
2 molecules in same way
52
uniport
1 solute moves
53
antiport/ counter transport
2 shit in opp direction
54
1st active trans
carrier transport, used ATP
55
2ndary active trans
not ATP, dependant on primary active trans
a process that moves molecules across a cell membrane using an electrochemical gradient
56
vesicular transport
moves large particles, fluid, droplets, or many molecules thru vesicles
active
57
endocytosis
vesicular process that bring material into cell
active
58
phagocytosis
engulfs large particles to digest them
"drinking"
active
59
receptors mediated endocytosis
lignad bings to receptor to cause endocytosis
active
60
covid transport type
receptor mediated
61
clathrin
protein complex
coats vesivle
ID tag for cellular trans
62
ACE2
cell repector
covid uses
converts angiotensin II to angiotensin
63
angiotensin lowers
blood pressure
64
exocytosis
vesicular
bring stuff out
trasnports discharge material from the cell
65
what initiate membrane fusion
snare proteins interact with each-other on opposing membranes to initiate membrane fusion
66
membrane potential
diff charge on each side of plasma membrane due to NA/K pumps
67
what ion is most abundant in the cell
k
68
what ion is most abundant outside the cell
na
69
membrane potential depends on
concentration gradient
membrane permeability
70
why is potassium inside cell
negative charge from proteins
71
larger diffusion gradient cuases
higher rate of dissusion
72
larger diffusion gradients can have
multiple ion gradients present
73
Nernst equation
calcs an ions equilibrium potential
volt needed to oppose the net movement of an ion down its concentration gradient
74
k equilibrium potential
electrical attraction would pull k+ into cell until concentration gradient pulling k out matches it
75
k reach equilibrium when
more k inside (more negative) cell vs outside
76
what membrane potential stops diffusion of K out of cell
90 mV
77
where is Na when reached equilibrium potential
higher sodium concentration outside of cell
77
To keep Na out
inside of cell has to be positive to repel
78
cell membrane potential is closer to
the more permeable K+ and less to NA
79
when NA is in equilib the inside is more
+
80
resting membrane potential is closer to
equilibrium membrane potential of potassium
81
resting membrne potential is
negative in nuerons and biological membranes n stuff
82
uneven dist of ion is bc
membrane more perm to k/potassium
83
gap junction allow what to pass
small solutes to pass thru into neighboring cell
important in cell signaling
84
autocrine
cell target self
85
signaling across gap junctions
all targets connected by gap functions
86
paracrine
cell targets nearby cell-in stomach alot
87
endocrine
cell target something far away thru bloodstream
hormone
88
hydrophilic cells need
receptor protein on surface/channel and receptor
cant enter on its own
89
hydrophobic cell
small receptor can travel into cell
90
second messenger
a g protein that will convert atp to cyclic atp and activates adenylyl cyclase to start the thing
relays a signal received by a cell surface receptor, acting as a mediator to trigger specific cellular responses within the cell
91
glut 1 locations
blood
brain blood barrier
heart
92
glut 2 locations
liver
pancrease
small intestine
93
glut 3 locations
brain
neurons
sperm
94
glut4 locations
skeletal muscle
adipose tissue
heart
