ch 10 Flashcards by Isabella Vannavong

machanorecpetors

touch, pressure
used in like feeling and hearing n stuff

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

chemoreceptors

dissolved chemicals
smell and taste
osmoreceptors
in toungue n shittttt

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

photoreceptors

light

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phasic receptor

fast adapting when bind to stim, will adapt, and decrease firing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tonic receptor

slow adapting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phasic receptor will help us adapt

to change in condition

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

phasic receptor will help you

adjust and basically ignor the constant stim

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tonic receptor example

pain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pain

noxious stimulation
discomfort caused by tissue injury

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

visceral pain

organ pain
diffuse, dull, hard to locate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

deep somatic pain

arises from bones, joints, muscles, related structures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

superficial somatic pain

from skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

referred pain

from convergence of nerual pathways in CNS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

example of referred pain

heart attack pain in heart
appendix

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how injured tissue stim pain fibers

injured tissues release chemicals to stim

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bradykinin

most potent pain stimulus known
- Makes us aware of injury and activates cascade of
reactions that promote healing
* Histamine, prostaglandin, and serotonin also stimulate
nociceptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

endogenous opioids

internally made opium like substances
block pain receptors and stim pleasure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

enkephalins

has 2 diff types
200X potency of morphine
type of endogenous opioid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Endorphins and dynorphins

Larger analgesic neuropeptides
pain relieving endo opioids

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

vision controlled by what cranial nerve

II, optic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

virtuous humor

jellow thingy that keeps all the shit in the eye together

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

iris

pigmented muscle, will constrict and dilate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lense

focus light on rentia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

retina

photoreceptor cells, transmits info to brain
nervous tissure layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

optic disc

ermmmmmm blind spots and stuff

refraction

bending of light bc it travels at diff speeds in different mediums

what bends the light rays in the eye

lens

what type of axon causes pupils to dialate

postganglionic sympathetic cervical ganglion

what type of axon causes pupil dilation

parasympathetic from oculomotor nerve

Emmetropia—

Eyes are relaxed and focused on an object more than 6 m away

Near response—

Adjustment to close-range vision

accommodation of lens

accomidating lens when stuff is up close to see

cilliary mucle

hold lens in place when relaxed, it stretches in place

what kind of glasses for myopia

concave

what knd of glasses for astigmastism

uneven lens

what kind of glasses for hyperopia

convex

hyepropia

far sighted

macula lutea

high density of cones n stuff

cones are for

color

rods are for

nightvision

are eye nerve cells at the back or front of eye

front

whats in rods

pigment molecule full of opsin

opsin

have retinal that converts cis to trans, called bleaching

rhodopsin

purple pigment that absorbs green light best (500 nm ish)

dissociation

changes perm in g protein

cones are what type of chrome?

trichromatic short, med, long cones

Photopsin (iodopsin)

light-sensitive proteins in the retina that enable color vision and daytime sight

what color is long wavelength

red

what color is medium

green

what color is short

blue

Color blindness—

- Hereditary alteration or lack of photopsin

most common color blindess

red green stuff wrong in m or L cone might be sex linked gene

* The absence of M cones: *

deuteranopia bad green

The absence of L cones:

protanopia bad red

* The absence of S cones:

tritanopia bad blue

photoreceptors

rods and cones

bipolar cells

Interneuron between photoreceptors and ganglion cells

Ganglion cells

- Axons leave the eye at the optic disc to form the optic nerve

axon leave thru what cell in eye

optic nerve

when do photoreceptors release a neurotransmitter

in the light

dark current

Rhodopsin absorbs no light, Rod release inhibitory cells bipolar cells inhibited no activity

hearing cranial nerve

VIII- vestibulocochlear

auricel

like the ear n stuff like the outside

inner ear parts

vestivualr apparatus cochela

vestivualr apparatus

help us determine where we are in space

inner ear fluids

Endolymph and perilymph

endolymph potassium concentration

how sound reaches us (5)

5.footplate of stapes 6.waves in perilymph on scala vestibuli 7.waves cross thru the scala media 8. basilar membrane undulates 9. haircells knock over 10. bends open k channels 11. k influx causes depolarization hair cells 12. hair releases glutamate to stim cochlear brnach of CN VIII

order of auditory ossicles vibration

malleus incus stapes

tympanic reflex

tenses tympanic membrane during loud sounds to reduce motion durring loud sounds

stapedius muscle

reduces the motion of the stapes

scala vestibuli and tampani is filled with

perilymph

basilar membrane contiains - cells that are

hair cells stimulated by sound

higher pitches will stim what end of choclea

basalar end

lower pitch stim what end of the choclea

the distal end i think far end

sterocilia

sensory cells in ear

bending cilia will open

k channels, allowing an influx of k cells leading to depolarization

sensory coding

where we perceive loudness v pitch

loudness

amplitude (height) of the wave

pitch

wave lenghts of pitch long wv means lower short means hi

baslar end

narrow and stiff hi pitch

distal end

wider and flexible low pitch

equilibrium nerve

VIII vestibular

static equilbirum

orientation of head when stationary

saccule

verticle equlib

utricel

horizontal equil

dynamic equil

moving change in velocity

linear excel

straight line

angular acceleration

rotation

semicircular canal detects

rotational equilbrium

semicircular canal parts

anterior posterior lateral

vestibule

bruh idk

ampulle

widening in the semicircular duct

otolith

little rocks in the membrane that adds weight and moves with the sterocilia in the ear for balance in saccule and uritcle

in ampllula of semicircular canals

has crista ampullaris which is a gellantonous cup thingy that depresses hairs with movement in endoplymph

glustation cn

vii facial x vagus xi glossopharyngeal

fungiform papilla

big asf has taste buds

foliate papilla

had taste buds

filiform papilla

the most common no taste byds

vallate papilla

big ahhh taste buds in back of tounge

salty taste buds

NA thru ion channel

sour taste

h. thru ion channel

sweet/umami taste

binds to membrane receptor idk amino acids binds

bitter taste

membrane receptor quinine binds

olfaction cn

i- olfactory

how we smell

smell molecule bind to receptor and g protien tweaks out to ermm yea

why is sense of smell diff

no thalamus is involved in this

seeing in light steps

rhodospin absorbs light no inhibitory stuff secreted bipolar cells release glutamate signal to optic nerve

ch 10 Flashcards

(108 cards)