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physio > ch 18/19 > Flashcards

ch 18/19 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Digestive Function

A

processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates residue

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2
Q

ingestion

A

selective intake of food

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3
Q

Digestion:

A

mechanical/ chemical breakdown of food

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4
Q

Absorption

A

uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells (digestive tract) into the blood and lymph

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5
Q

Compaction:

A

absorbing water and consolidating the indigestible residue into feces

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6
Q

Defecation:

A

elimination of feces

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7
Q

digestive tract/ alimentary canal

A

30 ft long muscular tube form mouth to anus

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8
Q

Gi tract

A

stomach and intestines

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9
Q

accessory organs

A

aid in digestive process

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10
Q

enteric nervous system

A

-nervous system net work within esophagus, stomach intestines
-regulates digestive tract motility secretion and blood flow

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11
Q

Peristalsis-

A

wave-like, one-way
movement through tract
kinda like squeezing stuff thru

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12
Q

Segmentation-

A

churning and mixing while
moving forward
small inteatine

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13
Q

saliva functions

A

moisten mouth
starch and fat digestion
cleanses teeth
inhibits bacteria growth
dissolve stuff to taste
moistens stuff for swallowing

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14
Q

interstitial cells of cajal?

A

pacemaker cell of digestion
in muscularis layer
have gap juncs
produce slow waves

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15
Q

what phases of swallowing is involuntary

A

esophageal pahse
pharyngeal

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16
Q

what inhibts contractions for smooth muscle to relax for shit

A

NO VIP

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17
Q

what excites contractions for smooth muscle to push shit

A

substance p,
ACH

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18
Q

Oral (Buccal) phase:

A

voluntary
* Tongue forms and pushes a bolus of food and pushes it into the laryngopharynx

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19
Q

Pharyngeal phase:

A

involuntary
* Oral and nasal cavities and
airways blocked as
bolus pushed the
esophagus
epiglotis closes ts?

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20
Q

Esophageal phase:

A

involuntary
* Peristalsis pushes bolus down the esophagus to the stomach

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21
Q

stomach

A

stores food
mix and liquifies
chem digestion
absorbs lipids/ soluble drugs

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22
Q

gastric pit

A

increase surface to stuff to be secreted
part of rugae
spreads n shit

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23
Q

mucous cells of gas pit

A

musin into mucus
lubes stomach
prevents stomach from getting a hole burned into ts

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24
Q

regen/ stem cell

A

replace epi cells that line stomach everyday
hella replacments n stuff

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25
parietal cell
secrete grehlin (or hunger), HCL, intrinsic factor (absorbs b12)
26
chief cells
secrets pencinogin (breaks down proteins)
27
enteroendocrine/ g cells
enterochromophin (paracrine messengers/ nearby communication)
28
gastric acid is basiclaly
hcl, hella acidic .8
29
how is pepsin and lingual lipase activated
HCL
30
what converts fe3 to fe2
HCL/ gastric acid
31
what breaks down connective tissue and plant cell wall
HCL
32
Zymogens—
digestive enzymes secreted as inactive proteins
33
pepsinogen—zymogen secreted by chief cells
interacts will HCL to cleave a part n become pepsin
34
Pepsin digests dietary proteins into
shorter peptides
35
* Autocatalytic effect of pepsin
—as some pepsin is formed, it converts more pepsinogen
36
cephallic phase of gastric func
vagus nerve stim secretions before swallowing
37
gastric phase of gas func
food streches stom n activates reflexs for secretion gastrin and histimine will push more enzyme secretion
38
intestinal phase of gas func
secretin and cck inhibit gastic secretion to stop mixing n breaking dow and lets stuff move into small intestine
39
small intestine
chemical digestion and nutrient absorption here longest
40
circular folds
folds that increase surface area
41
vili
fingerlike projection, big, increases surface area
42
microvili
small hairs that make up vili increase surface area
43
large intestine
44
depolar with what molecule
ca
45
repolar with what
k
46
Large Intestine
* Large intestine receives indigestible residue -compacts and reduces stuff by absorbing water and salts -feces out by shidding
47
haustral contractions
churns and mixes residue promoting water and salt absorption every 30 min
48
mass movements
big contraction 1-3 day filling of stomach and duodenum stim colon movement/ shidding i thinky
49
liver
gland bellow diaphragm
50
hepatocytes after meal
absorb from the blood: glucose, amino acids, iron, vitamins, for metabolism or storage in liver
51
hepatocytes bn meals
break down stored glycogen and release glucose into the blood
52
hepatocytes remove and degrade
hormones toxins, bile, pigments, drugs
53
hepatocytes secrete into bloood
albumin, lipoproteins, clotting factors (hella hormones n stuff)
54
gallbladder
stores and concentrates doo doo by absorbing water and electrolyres
55
bile
yellow-green fluid containing minerals, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, bile pigments, and bile acids
56
pancreas endocrine
pancreatic islets that secrete insulin and glucagon * Concentrated in the tail of the gland
57
pancreas exocrine
(99% of mass) secrete (basic to neutralize acid from stomach) juice that is alkaline mixture of water, enzymes, zymogens, sodium bicarbonate, and other electrolytes
58
salivary amylase
mouth stuff that breaks down starch
59
what ph does amylase best work at in mouth
6.8-7
60
amylase
breaks down starch quickly denatured digested by pepsin
61
what are fats broken into
it turn into fatty acids and glycerol
62
what is peptides broken into
aminos
63
what are carbs broken into
monosaccharides
64
pancreatic amylase
break down starch even more in small intestine
65
brush border enzymes
contact small chain carbs and breaks it into glucose
66
small intestine have tight junctions to
absorb glucose and water
67
fructose diffuse into small intestine cell how
facilitated diffusion
68
lactose intolerence
no lactase expressed by brush border bacteria eat lactose in intestines and give you gas and cramps and draw water in
69
protein digestion in stomach
pepsin hydrolyzes stuff to break down into smaller polypeptides
70
protien digestion in small inest
tripsin and chymotrypsin break it even smaller carboxypeptidase remove on amino (COOH) aminopeptidase remove one amino (nh4) dipeptidase- splits dipeptides
71
lipidase
break down fat
72
lingual lipase
secreted by intrinsic salivary glands of the tongue -Active in mouth, more active(ate) in stomach along with gastric lipase
73
emusilifcation
stomach antrum churns and bresks it downnnn and pass into small intestine
74
emulsification droplet broken down further by
bile, lecithin, intestinal segmentaton
75
lecithin
covers little fat globule by bile acids to allow for more fat surface
76
Pancreatic lipase
acts on triglycerides breaks fat into pancreatic lipase and triglyceride
77
micelles uptake what to make even smaller
monoglycerides fatty acids can now get inot the cell membrane
78
chylomircon
fatty acid micells will form this once it enters cell and go to golgi app to get packaged
79
once chylomiron is packaged by golgi, what happens
get exocytosed to move (bc big and hydrophobic) to vessicles
80
One calorie
—amount of heat required to raise temp. of 1 g of water by 1°C * 1,000 calories is 1 kilocalorie (kcal) in physiology or a Calorie in dietetics
81
carboohydrates and proteins yield
about 4 kcal/g * Sugar and alcohol (7.1 kcal/g) are “empty” calories * Provide few nutrients and suppress appetite
82
Fats yield
about 9 kcal/g
83
Essential nutrients cannot
be synthesized in body, so they must be consumed
84
9 essential amino acids:
lysine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, threonine, valine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, and histidine
85
* 2 essential fatty acids:
linoleic acid (an omega-6) and linolenic acid (an omega 3
86
Complete proteins –
contain all amino acids
87
decreased appetite
insulin/ amylin/leptin
88
increased appetite
grelin pyy, glp1
89

physio (21 decks)

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