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idk girl Flashcards

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1
Q

isometeric muscle contraction

A

muscle makes internal tension but external resistance casues it to stay the same
OPPOSING FORCE TO KEEP TENSION IN MUSCLE
NO LENGTH CHANGE

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2
Q

isotonic muscle contraction

A

muscle change length with no change in tension

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3
Q

concentric contraction

A

muscle shortens as it maintains tensione

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4
Q

eccentric contraction

A

muscle lengthens as it maintsains tension

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5
Q

all muscle contractions depends on

A

ATP

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6
Q

ATP supply depends on

A

oxygen and organic energy sources (glucose, fatty acids)

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7
Q

anaerobic fermentation

A

enables cells to produce ATP with NO oxygen
results in little ATP and lactate- bad for lactate

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8
Q

anaerobic fermentation results in

A

2 ATP, fast

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9
Q

aerobic respiration

A

no lactate
results in 32-34 ATP
NEED oxygen
more efficent
byproduct is CO2 and water

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10
Q

as exercise intensity increased, glucose uptake

A

shoots up

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11
Q

glucose transporter that allows glucose thru cell

A

glut4

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12
Q

glycolysis will turn glucose into

A

pyruvate

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13
Q

When is acetyl CoA produced

A

aerobic respiration in mitocondria

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14
Q

when fatty acids are used to make ATP, what is used

A

beta oxydation

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15
Q

steps of ATP synthesis durring exercise

A

aerobic, phosphagen system, glycogen lactate system (when stoped) aerobic

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16
Q

immediate energy for what exercise

A

short, intense

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17
Q

phosphagen system will provide

A

immediate energy
will use an inorganic phos or smth

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18
Q

phosphagen system can used what kinases

A

myokinase
creatine kinase

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19
Q

anaerobic fermentation is for what type of energy

A

short term

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20
Q

anaerobic fermentation for every 1 glucose, how much atp

A

2

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21
Q

anaerobic fermentation get glucsoe from

A

blood and stored glycogen

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22
Q

after 40 seconds,

A

aerobic respiration

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23
Q

muscle fatigue in hi intense x

A

k build up reduces excitability
extra ADP n P slow movements, stop calcium release, decrese force production
maybe ph drop

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24
Q

fatigue in low intense x

A

feul depletion
electrolyte loss thru sweat
central fatigue with less signals from brain

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25
EPOC exercise oxygen consumption is needed for
aerobiclly replenish ATP replace oxy for myoglobin, liver, hella cells, yea
26
EPOC basal oxy consumption
6x normal and up to an hour
27
slow twitch how it gets atp
aerobic respiration has hella capilaries
28
fast twitch how it gets atp
anaerobic
29
cardiac msucles connect as
one big unit bc gap juncs its immediately and spontaneously
30
calcium in cardiac
from extra cell fluid
31
calcium receptor in cardiac muscle
troponin is receptor
32
smodth muscle calcium is stored in
extra cell fluid
33
calmodulin
bind and store calcium in smooth
34
FUCK
35
varicosity
swellig along a nerve fiber length
36
Neuromuscular junction
Site where a motor neuron stimulates a muscle fiber release acetylcholne to contract that hoe
37
Motor end plate
Area of the muscle fiber where a motor neuron stimulate using acetylcholine
38
Motor unit
Single motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates; unit contract at once
39
graded contractions
varied contraction strength due to diff numbers of motor units being activated
40
smaller motor until control
is finer
41
large motor unit is
more strength than control
42
Transverse (T) tubules
Extensions of the sarcolemma into the cell
43
Sarcolemma
cell membrane of muscle cell
44
Myofibrils
– Bundles of myofilaments (actin and myosin)
45
glycogen
glucose storage- use later ot make atp
46
myogblobin
binds and stores protein in muscle for oxygen
47
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
- Stores intracellular calcium
48
Terminal cisternae
– Dilated end sacs of the SR
49
Triad
– A T-tubule surrounded by 2 terminal cisternae
50
thick filaments made of
myosin
51
myosin double globular head for
actin binding and atp binding for hydrolyzing at end of hindge region
52
thin filaments
actin
53
actin can bind
myosin head
54
tropomyosin
covers site on actin
55
troponin complex
binds calcium to move tropomyosin
56
troponin i inhibits
binding of mysoin
57
troponin t binds
tropomysoin
58
tropnin c binds to
calcium
59
titin/ elastic filament
stores energy is sarcomer anchors thick filaments
60
dystrophin
protein Links actin to endomysium - Transfers forces of muscle contraction to connective tissue ultimately leading to tendon
61
- Genetic defects in dystrophin produce
disabling disease muscular dystrophy
62
steps of contraction
excitation excitation-contraction coupling contraction relaxation
63
excitation
action potentials from somatic motor neurons lead to muscle action potentials
64
Excitation–contraction
link the action potentials on sarcolemma to activation of the myofilaments, preparing them to contract
65
Contraction
Step in which the muscle fiber develops tension and may shorten
66
Relaxation
When stimulation ends, a muscle fiber relaxes and returns to its resting length
67
excitation steps
AP reachs end of axon calcium influx to synaptic knob release Ach Ach bidns nicotininc receptors opnes shit Na in, k out ap spreads
68
excitation contraction coupling
AP down transverse tubules calcium channels couples sR caclium channels and opens calcium bidsn troponin c on thin filaments
69
calcium binds toponin c on thin filaments
tropomyosin moves to expose active sites on actin
70
contraction steps
hydrolysis of atp to adp cocks myosin headback myosin head bidns to active site on actin myosin releases p myosin binds new molecule of atp to release actin
71
relaxation steps
Ach stops releasing ach release from receptors and degraded ap in sarcolemma stops calcium back to SR (takes energy) tropomyosin blocks sites again mysoin no longer bidns actin
72
Myogram
—a chart of the timing and strength of a muscle’s contraction
73
Threshold
—minimum voltage necessary to generate an action potential in the muscle fiber and produce a contraction
74
Twitch
—a quick cycle of contraction and relaxation when stimulus is at threshold or higher
75
more voltage equils
more tension untill max contraction is met
76
hi frequency stimuli will cause twitch
to be bigger than when jsu tone stimmy
77
Treppe
- staircase effect, stimulus comes after relaxation, cold muscle more force overall
78
Incomplete tetanus
– stimulus before relaxation ends
79
Complete tetanus
– in vitro, little to no time to relax will do untill it lit rally cant
80
Length-Tension Relationship
Tension is maximal when sarcomeres are at normal resting length
81
maximal tension at what length
2.25 whatever
82
multiunit muscle
each myocyte is asociated with a varicostiy
83
single unit muscle
visceral muscle electrical synapes bn cells
84
varicostiy
swelling alone a nerve fibers length related to neruotransmitters

physio (21 decks)

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