2. Posterior Ab Wall/ Pelvis

Question 1

which posterior abdominal wall muscle is the primary hip flexor

Answer 1

psoas major

Question 2

muscle which sits within the iliac fossa and attaches to lesser trochanter

Answer 2

iliacus

Question 3

muscle originates on T12 and L1 vertebra, inserts on pectineal line of superior rams of pubis, and acts to extend/flex trunk

Answer 3

psoas minor

Question 4

most lateral muscle of post ab wall, innervated by T12-L4

Answer 4

quadratus lumborum

Question 5

posterior abdominal wall muscle innervated by femoral n.

Answer 5

iliacus

Question 6

the 3 peripheral origins (sternal, costal, lumbar) of the diaphragm insert on

Answer 6

central tendon

Question 7

which diaphragm crus is longer, wrapping around the anterior portion of the aortic hiatus

Answer 7

right

Question 8

which ligament of diaphragm is over the aorta

Answer 8

median arcuate

Question 9

which ligament of diaphragm is over the psoas major and sympathetic trunks

Answer 9

medial arcuate

Question 10

which ligament of diaphragm is over the quadrates lumborum and subcostal n.

Answer 10

lateral arcuate

Question 11

this area of the diaphragm has potential to herniate (not a hiatus)

Answer 11

vertebrocostal triangle

Question 12

diaphragm opening for aortic hiatus (and thoracic duct) occurs at

Answer 12

T12

Question 13

diaphragm opening for esophageal hiatus (and vagal trunk and lymphatics) occurs at

Answer 13

T10

Question 14

diaphragm opening for caval hiatus (and phrenic n. and lymph from liver) occurs at

Answer 14

T8

Question 15

the superior epigastric vessels cross the diaphragm at the ____ hiatus

Answer 15

sternocostal

Question 16

while motor information to diaphragm is all from phrenic n. sensory information utilizes both the phrenic nerve and

Answer 16

intercostal nerves (peripheral diaphragm)

Question 17

4 unpaired arteries of the abdominal aorta

Answer 17

celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and median sacral

Question 18

left and right gonadal arteries arise directly from the abdominal aorta unlike gonadal veins: the left drains to ___ and the right drains to ___

Answer 18

L renal v. , IVC

Question 19

sympathetic innervation to the ___ does not synapse before reaching its destination allowing quick injection of adrenaline into bloodstream

Answer 19

suprarenal gland

Question 20

two pathways involved in sympathetic innervation to gut

Answer 20

splanchnic and suprarenal

Question 21

two pathways involved in parasympathetic innervation to gut

Answer 21

pelvic splanchnic and vagus n.

Question 22

the ureter descends from the kidney posterior to ___ and then anterior to ___

Answer 22

gonadal aa. ; common iliac a.

Question 23

the ___ kidney is inferior to the other by ~1 vertebral segment because of the ___

Answer 23

right, liver

Question 24

5 renal segments

Answer 24

superior/ apical, antero-superior, antero-inferior, inferior, posterior

Question 25

there are 4 ___ segments but only 3 ___ segments of each kidney

Answer 25

anterior, posterior

Question 26

after secretion from the renal pyramid, urine flows through the _____ to renal pelvis to ureter

Answer 26

papilla to minor calyx to major calyx

Question 27

peritoneum from anterior abdominal walls lies loosely over the __ allowing expansion

Answer 27

bladder

Question 28

superior rectal a. arises from what

Answer 28

inferior mesenteric a.

Question 29

potential space filled with fat and CT between pubic symphysis and bladder

Answer 29

prevesical space (retropubic)

Question 30

parietal pelvic fascia is continuous with

Answer 30

transversalis fascia

Question 31

potential space between sacrum and rectum

Answer 31

retrorectal (presacral) space

Question 32

Endopelvic fascia condenses to form ligaments such as

Answer 32

Sacrouterine ligament

Question 33

Ligaments that carry uterine artery

Answer 33

Transverse cervical ligament

Question 34

Ligament in men that is analogous to the pubovesical ligament in females (condensation of visceral endopelvic fascia)

Answer 34

Puboprostatic ligament

Question 35

Structure separates rectum from prostate and seminal vesicles

Answer 35

Rectovesical Septum

Question 36

infection within anal canal that can spread to ischioanal fossae through postanal spaces to the other side of the body

Answer 36

ischioanal abcesses

Question 37

muscular tubes that push urine to the bladder using peristalsis

Answer 37

ureter

Question 38

3 places where urinary calculi catch (constrictions of ureter)

Answer 38

kidney hilum, crossing pelvic brim, bladder entry

Question 39

ureter is crossed anteriorly by ___ before entering the bladder (water under the bridge)

Answer 39

uterine artery & ductus deferens

Question 40

4 parts of the bladder

Answer 40

apex, base, body, neck

Question 41

the ___ muscle makes up bladder walls

Answer 41

detrusor

Question 42

smooth, thickened area inside the bladder defined by opening for 2 ureters and the urethra

Answer 42

trigone

Question 43

parasympathetic bladder innervation include motor control of

Answer 43

detrusor m.

Question 44

4 portions of male urethra

Answer 44

intramural, prostatic, membranous, spongy

Question 45

autonomic control of the internal urethral sphincter (between what two portions of urethra?) keeps semen from entering bladder

Answer 45

intramural and prostatic

Question 46

where seminal vesicles empty into urethra

Answer 46

seminal colliculus

Question 47

structure that allows ejaculatory ducts to open

Answer 47

prostatic utricle

Question 48

dilated terminal portion of the rectum superior to anorectal line (which joins top of anal columns)

Answer 48

rectal ampulla

Question 49

the ____ portion of legator ahi muscle forms a sling at the anorectal junction forming anorectal flexure

Answer 49

puborectalis

Question 50

line joining top of anal columns

Answer 50

anorectal line

Question 51

line joining inferior ends of anal valves

Answer 51

pectinate line

Question 52

nerves above the pectinate line are __ whereas those below are ___

Answer 52

visceral, somatic

Question 53

this artery begins at aorta, passes anteriorly to the ureter, crosses back to the center at the common iliac bifurcation, and runs in the suspensory ligament

Answer 53

ovarian a.

Question 54

small a. that arises from the aorta near the bifurcation into common iliac aa.

Answer 54

median sacral

Question 55

most pubic veinous plexuses drain into

Answer 55

internal iliac v.

Question 56

anatomical overlap (and maybe high BP or cirrhosis) leads to ___

Answer 56

rectal hemorrhoids

Question 57

hemorrhoids due to excess abdominal pressure and straining occur at ___ rectal v. plexus

Answer 57

external

Question 58

lymph drainage: prostate and uterus drain to ___, bladder drains to ___, and perineal structures drain to __ inguinal nodes

Answer 58

internal, external, superficial

Question 59

sympathetic n. supply to pelvis

Answer 59

sacral splanchnics

Question 60

parasympathetic n. supply to pelvis (S2-4)

Answer 60

pelvic splachnics

Question 61

the pelvic pain line follows the __. pain above this line follows sympathetics, pain below follows parasympathetics

Answer 61

peritoneum

Question 62

nerves of the sacral plexus sit on surface of what muscle

Answer 62

piriformis

Question 63

pelvic plexuses (rectal, vesicle, prostatic, and uterovaginal) together make up what plexus

Answer 63

inferior hypogastric

Question 64

what portion of the legator ani muscle is support for vagina

Answer 64

pubovaginalis