Abdominal Viscera

Question 1

the esophagus pierces the diaphragm at t10 slightly left of the midline and this is known as the

Answer 1

esophageal hiatus

Question 2

the esophagus turns left sharply to enter the stomach at the

Answer 2

cardiac orifice

Question 3

the inferior vena cava pierces the diaphragm at

Answer 3

t8

Question 4

the aorta pierces the diaphragm at

Answer 4

t 12

Question 5

condition occurs when esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm enlarges and weakens causing parts of stomach to herniate into the thorax

Answer 5

sliding hiatal hernia

Question 6

hernia in diaphragm next to esophageal hiatus permits fundic stomach to herniate

Answer 6

paraesophageal hiatal hernia

Question 7

4 parts of the stomach

Answer 7

cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum

Question 8

the lesser curvature of the stomach connects to the __ via the lesser omentum

Answer 8

liver

Question 9

this is a feature of the stomach that consists of folds to aid in digestion

Answer 9

rugae

Question 10

the stomach is in contact with the __ kidney

Answer 10

left

Question 11

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 11

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 12

4 parts of the duodenum… 4th part connects to right crus of diaphragm via suspensory (muscular) ligament of the duodenum

Answer 12

superior, descending, horizontal, ascending

Question 13

most of the duodenum is retroperitoneal except for the 1st part which is partially covered by the ___ ligament

Answer 13

hepatoduodenal

Question 14

THE mesentery begins at the flexure between what two structures

Answer 14

duodenum, jejunum

Question 15

the right kidney and ureter are posterior to this segment of the duodenum and bile enters here through the duodenal papilla

Answer 15

2nd (descending)

Question 16

the ileum ends at the

Answer 16

ileo-cecal valve

Question 17

the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine are very mobile and held to the posterior wall by

Answer 17

THE mesentery

Question 18

we can distinguish the jejunum from the ileum by its ___ vasa recta and more ___

Answer 18

longer, plicae circularis

Question 19

we can distinguish the ileum from the jejunum by its shorter ____ and fewer ____

Answer 19

vasa recta, plicae circularis

Question 20

this remnant of the vitelline duct is a common (diseased) feature of the ileum (looks like appendicitis often)

Answer 20

meckel’s ileal diverticulum

Question 21

the left and right colic ____ are the points in the large intestine where the colon takes a sharp turn

Answer 21

flexure

Question 22

3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of the colon that converge at the root of the appendix are called

Answer 22

taenia coli

Question 23

taenia coli produce these sacculations that slow the movement of feces in order for water absorption and fecal formation

Answer 23

haustrae

Question 24

this feature of the large intestine (not cecum) is made of tags of fat

Answer 24

appendices epeploicae

Question 25

this structure, just before the cecum is two folds that are not a true sphincter

Answer 25

ileocolic valve

Question 26

this is a cone like projection/ opening of the ileum into the cecum superior to the opening for the appendix

Answer 26

ileal papilla

Question 27

this structure is attached posteromedial to cecum at the junction of 3 taenia coli

Answer 27

vermiform appendix

Question 28

wich portions of the colon are retroperitoneal

Answer 28

ascending and descending

Question 29

this lymph organ sits in the left hypochondriac region between the stomach and diaphragm. it is intraperitoneal.

Answer 29

spleen

Question 30

two mesenteries connected to the spleen's visceral surface

Answer 30

gastrosplenic ligament | splenorenal ligament

Question 31

this glandular organ is retroperitoneal

Answer 31

pancreas

Question 32

pancreas has four parts: head (sits within the ____ curve), body, neck, and tail (anterior to hilus of ___)

Answer 32

duodenal, spleen

Question 33

the IVC and aorta sit ___ to the body of the pancreas, the stomach is ___

Answer 33

posterior, anterior

Question 34

the main pancreatic duct joins the bile duct to enter the duodenum via the

Answer 34

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 35

the hepatopancreatic ampul forms the major duodenal __

Answer 35

papilla

Question 36

this organ is located in the upper right quadrant

Answer 36

liver

Question 37

four lobes of the liver are left, right, __ and __

Answer 37

quadrate, caudate

Question 38

double layer of peritoneum that connects liver to anterior body wall and separates the left and right lobes

Answer 38

falciform ligament

Question 39

peritoneum does not cover the area of the liver that articulates with the ___ and this is where the hepatic vein drains into IVC

Answer 39

diaphragm

Question 40

when viewing the inferior liver, the left lobe is separated from the caudate lobe by the ligamentum ___ and from the quadrate lobe by the ligamentum ___. the hepatic fossa is a place for the gallbladder to sit.

Answer 40

venosum, teres hepatis

Question 41

the ____ is a transverse fissure between caudate and quadrate lobes that carries the portal triad

Answer 41

porta hepatis

Question 42

what superior structure connects to both the hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

Answer 42

lesser omentum

Question 43

this is the lowest widest part of the gallbladder that usually sits on the transpyloric line

Answer 43

fundus

Question 44

when the cystic duct and common hepatic duct combine we get the ___ which runs along the lesser momentum to the duodenum where it enters with the pancreatic duct

Answer 44

bile duct

Question 45

the aorta is retroperitoneal and terminates at L4 where it divides into the left and right

Answer 45

common iliac arteries

Question 46

the left and right ___ form the aortic hiatus. the thoracic duct sits to which side of the aorta

Answer 46

crus, right

Question 47

root of THE mesentery sits anterior to

Answer 47

abdominal aorta

Question 48

the celiac artery, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and median sacral arteries are special branches of the abdominal aorta because they are

Answer 48

unpaired

Question 49

distenstion/weakening of the vascular wall

Answer 49

aneurism

Question 50

this branch from the aorta branches directly inferiorly to the aortic hiatus and is surrounded by plexus and ganglia. 3 major branches come from it: left gastric, common hepatic, and splenic.

Answer 50

celiac trunk

Question 51

this artery branches from celiac trunk to lesser curvature of stomach

Answer 51

left gastric a.

Question 52

the common hepatic a. splits into

Answer 52

proper hepatic and gastroduodenal a.

Question 53

this tortuous artery comes from celiac trunk, runs posterior to stomach and superior to pancreas and ends in several branches

Answer 53

splenic

Question 54

contents of the portal triad (hepatoduodenal ligament)

Answer 54

hepatic artery portal vein bile duct

Question 55

the ___ vein runs into liver tissue along with the hepatic artery and blood is drained from this tissue by ___ veins

Answer 55

portal, hepatic

Question 56

the ___ receives blood supply from both the superior mesenteric artery and the celiac trunk

Answer 56

pancreas

Question 57

superior pancreaticoduodenal a. arises from ___ whereas the inferior pancreaticoduodenal a. arises from the ___ (and splits into anterior and posterior branches)

Answer 57

celiac, superior mesenteric

Question 58

small intestine (jejunum and ileum) blood supply comes from

Answer 58

superior mesenteric

Question 59

the ileocolic a. comes from ___ and splits into posterior cecal branch, anterior cecal branch, ileal branch, and appendicular branch.

Answer 59

superior mesenteric

Question 60

this a. supplies derivatives of the hind gut (sigmoid, rectum, colon)

Answer 60

inferior mesenteric

Question 61

the ___ system of capillaries carries nutrient rich (O2 poor) blood from the digestive system to the liver and sits posterior to the pancreas

Answer 61

hepatic portal

Question 62

the hepatic portal system ends as this valve-less vein which begins at the convergence of the splenic vein, superior and inferior mesenteric

Answer 62

portal vein

Question 63

the point where the portal system enters the liver after traveling through the hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 63

porta hepatis

Question 64

the esophagus contains a sub mucous venous plexus as well as overlapping drainage of blood to which two systems

Answer 64

azygous (superior) | portal (inferior)

Question 65

the IVC bifurcates posterior, right, and inferior to that of the

Answer 65

aorta

Question 66

on the left side, the suprarenal and gonadal veins enter the ___ instead of the IVC directly

Answer 66

renal vein

Question 67

veins from the GI tract normally drain into the ___ vein whereas those from posterior structures (like kidneys) normally drain into ___

Answer 67

portal, IVC

Question 68

4 ways for blood to bypass the liver (i.e. in times of cirrhosis) possible because of no valves

Answer 68

esophageal paraumbilical v. colic to retroperitoneal v between superior rectal/middle/inferior rectal v.

Question 69

a liver with cirrhosis could result in rerouting of blood using esophageal branches of l. gastric v. and this could cause what condition (dilation of veins)

Answer 69

esophageal vericosities

Question 70

when liver is blocked, these veins in the falciform ligament dilate causing blood to flow toward what caval system. this can cause kaput medusa (dissension of veins in abdomen)

Answer 70

paraumbilical veins

Question 71

retroperitoneal veins that drain into lumbar veins which eventually enter IVC are called ___ and the colic veins can use this route to bypass liver

Answer 71

veins of retzius

Question 72

vericosities and hemorrhoids can occur between superior, middle, and inferior ___ veins as blood travels to bypass the liver

Answer 72

rectal