GI Development

Question 1

Transcription factor directing development of the esophagus

Answer 1

SOX2

Question 2

Transcription factor directing development of the duodenum and pancreas

Answer 2

PDX1

Question 3

Transcription factor directing development of the small intestine

Answer 3

CDXC

Question 4

Transcription factor directing development of the large intestine

Answer 4

CDXA

Question 5

This is a reflection of the parietal peritoneum onto the gut tube

Answer 5

Dorsal mesentery

Question 6

Esophagus, stomach, first half of the duodenum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas and spleen are all components of the ___ and blood is supplied by __

Answer 6

Foregut, celiac artery

Question 7

Second half duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and 2/3 of transverse colon are all structures of the ___ and receive blood from __

Answer 7

Midgut, superior mesenteric a.

Question 8

Last third of transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal are all components of ___ and receive blood from ___

Answer 8

Hindgut, inferior mesenteric

Question 9

___ initiates signaling and the _____ gradient controls expression of transcription factors that control gut tube development

Answer 9

SHH, RA

Question 10

Splanchnic innervation to the foregut

Answer 10

Greater splanchnic n.

Question 11

Splanchnic innervation to the midgut

Answer 11

Lesser splanchnic n.

Question 12

Splanchnic innervation to the hindgut

Answer 12

Least splanchnic n.

Question 13

Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the foregut

Answer 13

T5-T9

Question 14

Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the midgut

Answer 14

T9-T12

Question 15

Preganglionic cell bodies. That go to the hindgut

Answer 15

T12-L2

Question 16

Autonomic innervation to the foregut and midgut

Answer 16

Vagus n. (CN V)

Question 17

Autonomic innervation to the hindgut from S2-S4 follows

Answer 17

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 18

What two structures originally flow into the umbilicus and can cause problems after birth when patent (normally develop into the median umbilical ligament)

Answer 18

Uranus/ allantois, vitelline duct

Question 19

Narrowed esophagus due. To incomplete recanalization or vascular abnormalities that compromise blood flow

Answer 19

Esophageal stenosis

Question 20

Occluded esophagus due. To incomplete recanalization or vascular abnormalities that compromise blood flow

Answer 20

Esophageal atresia

Question 21

This condition. Can lead to. Inflammation in the esophagus due to stomach acid

Answer 21

Barrett’s esophagus

Question 22

Condition where stomach bulges above diaphragm

Answer 22

Hiatal hernia

Question 23

An extra structure posterior to the esophagus at the back of the throat that creates a pouch

Answer 23

Esophageal diverticulum

Question 24

The esophagus and stomach. Start as a straight tube suspended by dorsal and ventral mesentery. The ___ side grows faster requiring a 90 degree rotation in order for the stomach to fit

Answer 24

Dorsal

Question 25

Because of rotation during development, the left vagus n. Becomes the ___ trunk and the right vagus n. Becomes the ___ trunk as it enters the stomach

Answer 25

Anterior, posterior

Question 26

This condition results in projectile vomiting with no bile in infants

Answer 26

hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis

Question 27

The double bubble sign is indicative of. What disease? (Radiograph showing gas in stomach and duodenum but nowhere distally)

Answer 27

Duodenal atresia

Question 28

The gall bladder and cystic duct are outgrowths of the

Answer 28

Bile duct

Question 29

The liver connects to the posterior body wall via the

Answer 29

Falciform ligament

Question 30

The growing liver divides ___ mesentery into the falciform ligament and lesser omentum

Answer 30

Ventral

Question 31

The fibrous remnant of the ductus venosus is called the

Answer 31

Ligamentum venosum

Question 32

The obliterated left umbilical vein is called the

Answer 32

Ligamentum teres hepatis

Question 33

Condition where. Incomplete canalization of. The bile duct occurs. Results in jaundice, dark urine, pale stool

Answer 33

Extra hepatic biliary atresia

Question 34

Transcription factor expressed to develop the pancreas and duodenum

Answer 34

PDX1

Question 35

Transcription factor expressed to develop cells secreting insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide

Answer 35

PAX4

Question 36

Transcription factor expressed when creating cells that secrete glucagon

Answer 36

PAX6

Question 37

The biliary system (___ and ___) arises as tubular structure form caudal portion of hepatic diverticulum

Answer 37

Gallbladder, cystic duct

Question 38

The dorsal and ventral ___ fuse after rotating around the duodenum

Answer 38

Pancreas

Question 39

Main source of drainage from pancreas is pancreatic duct which joins _____ at the level of minor papilla

Answer 39

The common bile duct

Question 40

This condition presents as duodenal obstruction, but is actually the result of another organ compressing this structure

Answer 40

Annular pancreas

Question 41

Gut atresia/stenosis that occurs in the upper duodenum is likely caused by failure to ____ whereas. In the canal duodenum we expect ____ compromise

Answer 41

Recanalize, vascular

Question 42

The gut loops into the umbilical cord during development, a physiologic ___

Answer 42

Herniation

Question 43

Malrotation of the gut as it renters the umbilicus can result in abnormal twisting causing obstruction. This is called ___ and can cause bloat

Answer 43

Volvulus

Question 44

Herniation of abdominal midgut contents through umbilicus (covered in membrane

Answer 44

Omphalocele

Question 45

Herniation of abdominal midgut contents through umbilicus, not additional complications (no membrane)

Answer 45

Gastroschisis

Question 46

Failure of the vitelline duct to close resulting in fecal discharge through the umbilicus

Answer 46

Ideal (Meckel's) diverticulum

Question 47

Congenital lack of ganglion (neural crest failure) plexus in gut resulting in lack of peristalsis and functional obstruction

Answer 47

Hirschsprun's disease

Question 48

X

Answer 48

X