2.1-2.4 metabolism, water, carbs, proteins

Question 1

what is the property of carbon that enables it to form a diversity of compounds?

Answer 1

it can form 4 covalent bonds

Question 2

because carbon can form 4 covalent bonds, it can form a __________ of compounds

Answer 2

diversity

Question 3

what is metabolism (defin)

Answer 3

the web of all enzyme catalysed reactions

Question 4

what is anabolism (defin)

Answer 4

the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules

Question 5

what is an example of anabolism?

Answer 5

condensation reactions: the formation of macromolecules from monomers

Question 6

what is catabolism (defin)

Answer 6

breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules

Question 7

what is an example of catabolism?

Answer 7

hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers

Question 8

what compound can be artificially synthesised AND produced by living organisms?

Answer 8

urea

Question 9

______ and ______ gives rise to the properties of water

Answer 9

dipolarity, H bonding

Question 10

how do hydrogen bonds form?

Answer 10

• water molecules are polar
• attraction btw positive and negative poles
• H bond is formed btw H and O from diff molecules

Question 11

what are the four properties of water?

Answer 11

1. cohesion between water molecules
2. ability to adhere to surfaces
3. ability to moderate temperature
4. versatility as a solvent

Question 12

the four properties of water are:

1. ??
2. ability to adhere to surfaces
3. ability to moderate temperature
4. versatility as a solvent

Answer 12

cohesion between water molecules

Question 13

the four properties of water are:

1. cohesion between water molecules
2. ability to adhere to surfaces
3. ??
4. versatility as a solvent

Answer 13

ability to moderate temperature

Question 14

what is an eg. of cohesion in water benefitting living organisms?

Answer 14

surface tension arising from cohesive forces between water molecules allow insects to stride across the surface of a body of water

Question 15

what is an eg. of adhesion in water benefitting living organisms?

Answer 15

adhesion to surfaces allows water to move up xylem vessels as part of capillary action

Question 16

water has a [high/low] heat capacity

Answer 16

high

Question 17

what is an eg. of water’s thermal properties benefitting living organisms?

Answer 17

high latent heat of vapourisation makes it a good coolant

Question 18

what is an eg. of water’s solvent properties benefitting living organisms?

Answer 18

• a wide variety of organic and inorganic cmpds can dissolve in it
• medium for transport of molecules in blood

Question 19

how are fat and cholesterol transported in water?

Answer 19

they form lipoprotein complexes w lipoproteins which are soluble in water –> can be transported

Question 20

draw D-ribose

Answer 20

-

Question 21

draw alpha-D-glucose

Answer 21

-

Question 22

draw beta-D-glucose

Answer 22

-

Question 23

what is an eg. of disaccharides from combining monosaccharides

Answer 23

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Question 24

draw the condensation reaction of glucose to form maltose

Answer 24

-

Question 25

what polysaccharides are used for energy storage?

Answer 25

starch and glycogen

Question 26

which one is branched: 1. glycogen 2. amylose 2. amylopectin 4. cellulose

Answer 26

glycogen and amylopectin

Question 27

glycogen, amylopectin and amylose is made out of ___ glucose

Answer 27

alpha

Question 28

what type of glucose is cellulose made out of

Answer 28

beta

Question 29

what are triglycerides are made from?

Answer 29

1 glycerol molecules 3 fatty acids

Question 30

what are the 3 types of fatty acids

Answer 30

1. saturated 2. monounsaturated 3. polyunsaturated

Question 31

what does 'saturated' fats mean?

Answer 31

fats w **no double bonds** in their fatty acid chains

Question 32

what does 'unsaturated' fats mean?

Answer 32

fats w **one or more double bonds** in their fatty acid chains

Question 33

what nutrient is the most suitable for long-term energy storage?

Answer 33

lipids

Question 34

what is the formula to calculate BMI?

Answer 34

weight (kg) / height^2 (m)

Question 35

draw a generalised aa

Answer 35

-

Question 36

draw a peptide bond

Answer 36

-

Question 37

draw a dipeptide

Answer 37

-

Question 38

draw a condensation reaction btw two amino acids

Answer 38

-

Question 39

the aa _________ determines the 3D conformation of the protein

Answer 39

sequence

Question 40

what is a proteome (understanding)

Answer 40

complete set of proteins expressed by a cell/tissue/org at a given time

Question 41

what are 6 eg.s of proteins

Answer 41

1. rubisco 2. insulin 3. immunoglobulins 4. rhodopsin 5. collagen 6. spider silk

Question 42

1. rubisco 2. insulin 3. immunoglobulins 4. rhodopsin 5. collagen 6. ??

Answer 42

spider silk

Question 43

1. rubisco 2. insulin 3. immunoglobulins 4. rhodopsin 5. ?? 6. spider silk

Answer 43

collagen

Question 44

1. ?? 2. insulin 3. immunoglobulins 4. rhodopsin 5. collagen 6. spider silk

Answer 44

rubisco

Question 45

1. rubisco 2. insulin 3. immunoglobulins 4. ?? 5. collagen 6. spider silk

Answer 45

rhodopsin

Question 46

what are the levels of proteins

Answer 46

primary secondary tertiary quaternary

Question 47

how is the secondary structure of proteins formed

Answer 47

- by H bonds btw aa --> stabilise structures - forms alpha helices - or beta pleated sheets

Question 48

what is the bonding in tertiary structure of proteins

Answer 48

bonds btw R grps of aa

Question 49

the 3D structure of a protein is the ____ structure

Answer 49

tertiary

Question 50

the quaternary structure comprises of...

Answer 50

more than 1 polypeptide chains

Question 51

collagen is a ______ (structure level) protein

Answer 51

quaternary

Question 52

what structure level is insulin?

Answer 52

quaternary

Question 53

recap link! what is the function of rubisco

Answer 53

- enzyme that fixes CO2 in photosynthesis - to form complex C cmpds

Question 54

recap link! what is the function of insulin

Answer 54

- hormone used to regulate blood sugar - secreted in response to high blood glucose to stimulate cells to take in more glucose

Question 55

recap link! what is the function of immunoglobulins

Answer 55

- defend the body from disease - by agglutination of bacteria

Question 56

what is the function of rhodopsin

Answer 56

- pigment that absorbs light - enables us to see in low-light conditions

Question 57

what is the function of collagen

Answer 57

maintain structural integrity of tissues

Question 58

what is the function of spider silk

Answer 58

used to form spider webs to catch prey