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HL Bio > paper 1 mistakes :( (rui en) > Flashcards

paper 1 mistakes :( (rui en) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

which structures are found in both chloroplasts and mitochondria?
1. 70s ribosomes
2. 80s ribosomes
3. circular DNA

A

1 and 3

prokaryotic – endosymbiotic theory

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2
Q

in animals adapted to cold conditions, how do their cell membranes change in order to carry out exocytosis?

A

cold = needs more ‘kinks’ bc it needs to be packed less closely when it shrinks – maintain fluidity for exocytosis
- more unsaturated = more kinks = more fluid
more cholesterol and proteins = more fluid

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3
Q

hydrolysis of triglyceride molecule products

A

glycerol and unsaturated molecule (only bc the pic showed an unsaturated thing connected to a glycerol – I guess hydrolysis breaks the O-C=O bond?? but not the C=C one

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4
Q

amylose has ()-glucose and cellulose has ()-glucose

A

alpha
beta

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5
Q

linkages in amylose and cellulose?

A

amylose: 1,4 linkages
cellulose: 1,4 linkages

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6
Q

which of the following best explains the purpose of anaerobic respiration in humans during vigorous exercise?
1. to increase the power of muscle contraction during exercise
2. to breakdown pyruvate into lactic acid to release oxygen for muscle cells
3. to be able to produce ATP despite no oxygen supplied to the muscle cells
4. to produce lactic acid to lower the pH in the muscle cells for more efficient contractions

A

A

(‘no oxygen’ is NO. u dont just stop breathing???)

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7
Q

order the testing sequence of the following:
animal, healthy human, diseased human

A
  1. animal
  2. healthy human
  3. diseased human
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8
Q

which part of a nucleotide does a new nuclotide attach!
a. phosphate grp
b. deoxyribose - pentose sugar
c. nitrogenous base

A

b!

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9
Q

what protein level is a thick coil?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. quaternary

A

b. secondary

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10
Q

what are non-mendillian ratios caused by

A

linked genes

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11
Q

what is methane converted to in the atmostphere?
a. co2 and o2
b. ethanol and co2
c. co and o3
d. co and water

A

D
(its HARMful)

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12
Q

what is the heirarchy of taza in order of incr numbers of specis
a. genus, family, order, class
b. class, order, genus, family
c. genus, family, class, order
d. clas, order, family, ganus

A

A

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13
Q

phylum:
body cavity functions as a gut, single opening for ingestion and egestion
skin has poison glands, radially symmetrical
a. mollusca
b. cnidaria
c. porifera
d. platyhelminthes

A

b. cnidaria

JELLYFISH!!!!

c. sea sponge
D. WORMS

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14
Q

which of the following properties of water allow for transport of solutes in phloem under mass flow hypothesis?

1 adhesive properties of water
2 solvent properties
3 thermal
4 water is incompressible

A

2 and 4

needs sucrose to dissolve

forcing of water – high hydrostatic pressure

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15
Q

through what process does a spermatid become a spermatozoa
a. mitosis
b. differentiation
c. fertilisation
d. meiosis

A

b differentiation

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16
Q

which correctly describtes how nitrogenous wastes are removed from insects?

A) malphigan tubes transport urea into guts of insects
B) malphigan tubes transport urea to be expelled
C) ammonia excreted into urine of insects
D) uric acid mixed w digested food

A

D

a+b: malphigan tubes helps form uric acid BUT LOOPS BACK to the gut

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17
Q

what is directly responsible for allergic symptoms eg runny nose?

a pathogens
b histamine
c t-lymphocytes
d antigens

A

B

18
Q

what makes HIV a retrovirus

a) translates info in RNA –> DNA
b) translates info in DNA –> RNA
c) translates info in RNA –> proteins
d) translates info in proteins –> RNA

A

A

translates rna to dna = hides in our dna until SHOWTIME when dna –> proteins

19
Q

what results from the fusion of tumour cells with B cells

1) inability of B cells to divide
2) production of monoclonal antibodies
3) production of antigens
4) activation of T helper cells

A

B

20
Q

what effect do pesticides have on the nervous systems of insects

a) prevent acetylcholinesterase from breaking doen acetylcholine
b) inhibit depolarisation of presynaptic neuron = incr lvls of acetylcholine
c) prod inhibitor = promotes binding of acetylcholine
d) block synaptic transmission by binding w postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors

A

D

21
Q

what is the role of calcium in muscle contraction
a) release tropomyosin from myosin
b) bind to tropopin so myosin-binding sites are exposed
c) bind to tropomyosin so ATP can bind to actin
d) release ATP from actin so myosin can bind to troponin

A

B

calcium binds to tropoin = myosin binding sites exposed

22
Q

does mitosis repair or replace damaged cells

A

REPLACE

23
Q

why do fats and oils release twice the energy of carbs

A

less oxygen atoms in fats vs carbs

24
Q

does ferilisation require membrane proteins

A

YES – docking proteins for sperm thingy

25
Q

where in the mitochondrion does decarboxylation occur?

A

matrix

26
Q

gel electrophoresis – what characteristics seperate chromosomes? 2

A

CHARGE and SIZE

27
Q

sequence of PCR

a) dentauration > elongation > ligation
b) denaturation > annealing > elongation
c) annealing > elongation > ligation
c a>e> termination

A

B

28
Q

which hormone incr rate of energy storage and use?

a) insulin
b) glucagon
c) thyroxin
d) leptin

A

C

incr mtabolism and respiration

29
Q

whats epidemiological

A

disease incidence but population based

30
Q

which organism has DNA in three organelles?

1 sponge
2 fern
3 flatworm
d bacterium

A

girl… nucleus mitochondria chlorpplast its the fern

31
Q

unique chemical characteristic of lipids?
1 carbon rings
2 low proportion of O vs C
3 contains OH grp
4 only C,H,O

A

2

32
Q

which are GOOD
CIS unsaturated = HDL
TRANS unsat = LDL
saturated fatty acids

A

CIS unsaturated = HDL = GOOD
TRANS unsat = LDL = BAD
saturated = BAD (cholesterol buildup)

33
Q

which type of inhibition is not affected by incr substrate
1. competitive
2. non-competitive
3. reversible reaction

A

2 non comp

34
Q

sequence these

a) decarboxylation of pyruvate
b) diffusion of protons thru ATP synthase
c) phosphorylation of glucose

A

c –> a –> b

35
Q

what is the antisense strand?

A

template strand
- is the strand translated
- read 3’ to 5’

36
Q

which process inveolves the removal of introns
a) reaction catalysed by RNA polymerase
b) formation of mature eukaryotic RNA
c) production of okazaki fragments
d) reaction catalysed by DNA polymerase

A

B
formation of mature eukaryotic RNA

37
Q

mollusca 2 examples

A

clam and slug

38
Q

what cells are stimulated to divide by cytokines produced by T helper cells

a) macrophages
b) bacterial cells
c) tumour cells
d) b-lymphocytes

A

D

t cells help activate and do stuff to b cells

39
Q

what drug action could work in treating the overabundance of neurotransmitters dopamine and serotinin in the synapses?

a) release of cholinesterase into synaptic cleft
b) incr reuptake of dopamine and serotonin by PRE synaptic neurons
c) incr permeability of PRE to sodium
d) bloackage of dopamine and serotinin recepters in POST syn

A

B

40
Q

movement of elbow and triceps when lifting an apple?

extension vs flexion

relaxed vs contracting

A

flexion

relaxed

HL Bio (51 decks)

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