5.3 classification of biodiversity

Question 1

benefits of binomial system of nomenclature (4)

Answer 1

allows for identification and comparison of organisms based on recognised characteristics

allows all organisms to be named according to globally recognised scheme

shows how closely related organisms are allowing for prediction of evolutionary links

easier to collect, sort and group information about organisms

Question 2

what taxa are there

Answer 2

Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 3

the 4 plant types we need to know?

Answer 3

bryophytes
filicinophytes
coniferophytes (conifers)
angiospermophytes

Question 4

characteristics of byrophytes + examples

Answer 4

mosses, liverworts, hornorts
non-flowering plant
grows together in CLUMPS
damp and shady locations
STRUCT: no roots leaves or stems, rhizoids as anchors, no vascular tissues
REPRO: spores

Question 5

characteristics of filicinophytes + examples

Answer 5

ferns and horsetails
green plants
STRUCT: have roots, leaves and stems, pinnate leaves, have vascular tissues (shallow roots) (stems js below ground called rhizomes)
REPRO: spores

Question 6

characteristics of coniferophytes (conifers) + examples

Answer 6

cone-bearing trees
usually evergreen
dominant plants in northern (boreal) forests
STRUCT: roots, leaves (needle shaped and waxy), and stems
REPRO: seeds in cones (monoecious)

Question 7

characteristics of angiospermophytes + examples

Answer 7

flowering plants with vascular tissue + developed roots, stems and leaves
monocotyledons or dicotyledons
(monocot contains a single cotyledon in its embryo whereas dicot contains two cotyledons in its embryo.)
produces flowers and fruits
REPRO: seeds from fruits

Question 8

characteristics and examples of porifera

Answer 8

sponges
body full of pores, no mouth or anus,
no nervous/circulatory system,
asymmetrical

can do both sexual repro (hermaphroditic) or asexual (budding)

Question 9

characteristics and examples of cnidaria

Answer 9

hydras, jellyfish, corals, sea anemones
have mouth, no anus (single opening for digestion + waste disposal),
simple nervous system, no circulatory system,
hydrostatic skeleton,
radial symmetry
repro: asexual (budding), sexual (medusa make egg and sperm, use to spawn with others)

Question 10

characteristics and examples of platyhelminthes

Answer 10

flatworms
simple digestive system,
flattened body shape,
more developed nervous system (possess brain),
hydrostatic skeleton, eyespots
bilateral symmetry
repro: sexual (hermaphrodites), asexual (budding, if cut –> 2)

Question 11

characteristics and examples of annelida

Answer 11

segmented worms and leeches
complete digestive system
closed circulatory system with BV
nervous system developed (brain attached to nerve cords and ganglia)
hydrostatic skeleton
bilateral symmetry
repro: sexually and asexually

Question 12

characteristics and examples of mollusca

Answer 12

snails, slugs, octopus, oysters, mussels
have mouth and anus
common features: mantle, radula, simple nervous system
open circulatory system
bilateral symmetry
repro: sexual (have separate sexes) – some asexual (parthenogenesis)

Question 13

characteristics and examples of arthropoda

Answer 13

crustaceans, scorpions
brain attached to nerve cords and ganglia
open circulatory system
exoskeleton (chitin)
bilateral symmetry
jointed appendages and segmented bodies
REPRO: sexually (internal fertilisation, external if aquatic) , few asexually (parthenogenesis)

Question 14

characteristics and examples of chordata

Answer 14

mammals fish amphibians etc
posses a notochord
hollow dorsal nerve cords
ingest food, have developed digestive system, separate mouth and anus
closed circulatory system (heart and BV)
bilateral symmetry
REPRO: most sexually, some asexually through budding or parthenogenesis